Hetero compound

ABSTRACT

[Problems] 
     To provide a useful compound as an active ingredient for a preventing and/or treating agent for rejection in the transplantation of an organ, bone marrow, or a tissue, an autoimmune disease, or the like, which has an excellent S1P 1  agonist activity. 
     [Means for solving] 
     Since the compound of the invention has an S1P 1  agonist activity, it is useful as an active ingredient for a treating or preventing agent for a disease caused by unfavorable lymphocytic infiltration, for example, an autoimmune disease such as graft rejection in the transplantation of an organ, bone marrow, or a tissue, a graft-versus-host disease, rheumatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, a nephrotic syndrome, encephalomeningitis, myasthenia gravis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, diabetes, pulmonary disorder, asthma, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, or an inflammatory disease, and further, a disease caused by the abnormal growth or accumulation of cells such as cancer and leukemia.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 12/244,102 filed Oct. 2, 2008, which in turn is a Continuation-In-Part application of PCT patent application No. PCT/JP2007/057414 filed Apr. 2, 2007, the entire contents of which is herein incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a novel hetero compound and a medicine containing the same as an active ingredient, particularly an agent for treating immunological diseases.

BACKGROUND ART

Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a metabolite of sphingolipid which is a physiologically active substance secreted from an activated platelet (Non-Patent Document 1). The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor is a G protein-binding type, and belongs to an Edg-family which is the endothelial differentiation gene. Up to now, five receptors of S1P₁(Edg1), S1P₂(Edg5), S1P₃(Edg3), S1P₄(Edg6) and S1P₅(Edg8) have been found. All of these receptors are broadly distributed in cells and tissues throughout the body, but S1P₁, S1P₃ and S1P₄ are predominantly expressed in lymphocyte and endothelial cell, S1P₂ is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cell, and S1P₅ is predominantly expressed in brain and spleen, and amino acid sequences thereof are well-conserved in human and rodent (Non-Patent Document 1). Many receptors bind to G proteins by stimulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate. S1P₁ bind to G_(i/0), S1P₂ and S1P₃ bind to G_(i/0), G_(q), G_(12/13) and G₅, S1P₄ binds to G_(i/0), G_(12/13) and G₅, S1P₅ is coupled to G_(i/0) and G_(12/13), and cell growth caused by activation of MAPK, change of cytoskeletal system and cell infiltration caused by activation of Rac (and/or Rho), and generation of cytokine and mediator caused by activation of PLC and calcium influx into cell, and the like (Non-Patent Document 1) are induced. It has been known that by the stimulating action of S1P₁ of sphingosine-1-phosphate, migration of lymphocyte, inhibition of apoptosis, generation of cytokine, sequestering lymphocyte in thymus and other secondary lymphoid tissues are induced, and angioplasty in vascular endothelial cell is promoted (Non-Patent Document 2). On the other hand, expression of S1P₃ is also found on cardiomyocyte, and transiently-decrease in heart rate (infrequent pulse) or in blood pressure by stimulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate is observed (Non-Patent Document 3) while infrequent pulse is not observed by stimulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate in a knockout mouse wherein S1P₃ is genetically deleted (Non-Patent Document 4). It has been reported that FTY720 phosphate ester which is an active body of FTY720 currently in a clinical trial has non-selective agonist activity for S1P₁, S1P₃, S1P₄ and S1P₅ (Non-Patent Document 5), and especially infrequent pulse induced by the stimulation effect through S1P₃ is frequently expressed as an undesirable side effect in clinical trial (Non-Patent Document 6). Accordingly, it is considered that for sequestering lymphocyte through a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor, the stimulation from S1P₁ is essential (Non-Patent Document 7), while the stimulation from S1P₃ is not essential which is rather considered to be related to the induction of undesirable side effect. Thus, for the development of immunosuppressive agent with few side effects, development of agonist having weak effect on S1P₃ and selectively effecting on S1P₁ is desired.

For example, as a compound having S1P₁ agonist activity, a carboxylic acid derivative represented by the following formula has been known (Patent Document 1).

[For symbol in the formula, refer to the publication.]

As a compound having S1P₁ agonist activity, an indane derivative represented by the following formula has been known (Patent Document 2).

[For symbol in the formula, refer to the publication.]

As a compound having S1P₁ agonist activity, an oxadiazole derivative represented as follows has been known (following figure, Patent Documents 3, 4, 5, and 6).

[For symbol in the formula, refer to the publication.]

As a compound having S1P₁ agonist activity, a derivative represented as follows has been known (following figure, Patent Document 7).

[For symbol in the formula, refer to the publication.]

However, the compound of the present invention has not been disclosed in any document.

Non-Patent Document 1: Annual Review Biochemistry, 2004, 73, 321-354

Non-Patent Document 2: Nature Review Immunology, 2005, 5, 560-570

Non-Patent Document 3: Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, 2000, 82, 338-342

Non-Patent Document 4: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2004, 309, 758-768

Non-Patent Document 5: Science, 2002, 296, 346-349

Non-Patent Document 6: Journal of American Society of Nephrology, 2002, 13, 1073-1083

Non-Patent Document 7: Nature, 2004, 427, 355-360

Patent Document 1: International Publication WO 2005/058848 brochure

Patent Document 2: International Publication WO 2004/058149 brochure

Patent Document 3: International Publication WO 2003/105771 brochure

Patent Document 4: International Publication WO 2004/103279 brochure

Patent Document 5: International Publication WO 2005/032465 brochure

Patent Document 6: International Publication WO 2006/047195 brochure

Patent Document 7: International Publication WO 2006/001463 brochure

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problem that the Invention is to Solve

Inventors of the present inventors have carried out research in order to provide a compound useful for preventing and/or treating rejection in transplantation of organ/bone marrow/tissue or for autoimmune diseases, based on S1P₁ agonist activity, and furthermore to provide a medicine containing the same.

Means for Solving the Problem

Inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies about a compound having S1P₁ agonist activity, and as a result, they found that a novel hetero compound is useful as S1P₁ agonist, thus completing the present invention. In the other words, according to the present invention, a novel hetero compound represented by following the general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be provided.

A compound represented by the formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[In the formula, the symbols mean as follows;

the ring A is:

X is a single bond, —CH₂—, —NR³—, —O—, —S—, —S(═O)—, or —S(═O₂)—,

R¹ is —H; halogen; aryl; heteroaryl; (C₃₋C₈)cycloalkyl; (C_(3—)C₈)cycloalkenyl; (C₃₋C₈)heterocycloalkyl; or (C₁₋C₆)alkyl or (C₂₋C₆)alkenyl, each of which may contain halogen, —CONH₂, aryl, or (C₃₋C₈)cycloalkyl, as a substituent,

R² is —CN, —O—(C₁₋C₆)alkyl, —C(═O)H, halogen; or (C₁₋C₆)alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —OH,

R³ is —H; wherein R³ may form morpholino, 1-pyrrolidinyl or 3,4-dehydropipelidin-1-yl, together with R¹ and nitrogen,

wherein, when —X— is a single bond, R¹ and R² may in combination form a 5-membered ring and further contain (C₁₋C₆)alkyl, as a substituent,

R⁴ is a following ring:

wherein any one of a bond from the ring is bound to an oxadiazole ring,

R⁵ is —H; (C_(1—)C₆)alkyl which may be substituted with at least one group selected from the group consisting of —CN, —C(═O)NR^(X)R^(Y), —NHR^(X), —SR^(X), —S(═O)₂R^(X), and —OR^(X), (this is defined as R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl); R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-O—; R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-C(═O)—; R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-S(═O)₂; R⁰—O—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-; R⁰—C(═O)—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-; R⁰—S(═O)₂—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-; (C₂-C₆)alkenyl-; —C(═O)H; —OR^(X); —S(═O)₂R^(X); halogen; ═O; —NR^(X)R^(Y); —C(═O)NR^(X)R^(Y);

R^(X) and R^(Y) may be the same or different from each other, and may be —H; or (C₁-C₆)alkyl which may be substituted with —OH, —NH₂ which may be protected with a protecting group, or heteroaryl, wherein R^(X) may form (C₃₋C₈)heterocycloalkyl, together with R^(Y) and nitrogen.

As —X— in the formula (I), preferred is a single bond or —O—, and more preferred is —O—. As R¹, preferred is (C₁₋C₄)alkyl or (C₂₋C₄)alkenyl, each of which may be substituted with halogen or (C₃₋C₆)cycloalkyl, and further more preferred is (C₁₋C₄)alkyl which may be substituted with F. As the ring A, preferred is:

As R², preferred is halogen, —CN, (C₁₋C₄)alkyl which may be substituted with halogen, and more preferred is —Cl, —CF₃. As R⁴, preferred is:

and more preferred is:

As R⁵, preferred is —H; (C₁₋C₆)alkyl which may be substituted with —C(═O)NR^(X)R^(Y). As R^(X), preferred is —H; (C₁₋C₆)alkyl which may be substituted with —OH. As R^(Y), preferred is —H; (C₁₋C₆)alkyl which may be substituted with —OH.

A compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I) is characterized in a chemical structure from the point that a bicyclic nitrogen-containing unsaturated hetero ring or a bicyclic nitrogen-containing partially unsaturated hetero ring is bound to 3-position of oxadiazole, and has pharmacological characteristics from the point that the compound has S1P₁ agonist activity.

Effects of the Invention

Since the compound of the invention has an S1P₁ agonist activity, it is useful as an active ingredient of an agent for treating or an agent for preventing a disease caused by unfavorable lymphocytic infiltration, for example, graft rejection in the transplantation of an organ, bone marrow, or tissue or graft-versus-host disease, an autoimmune disease or an inflammatory disease such as rheumatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, nephrotic syndrome, encephalomeningitis, myasthenia gravis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, diabetes, pulmonary disorder, asthma, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, or ischemia-reperfusion injury, and further, a disease caused by the abnormal growth or accumulation of cells such as cancer or leukemia.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

In the specification, “alkyl” means a linear or branched mono-valent group. “C₁-C₆ alkyl” means a C₁-C₆ linear or branched alkyl, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-propyl, and n-hexyl, preferably C₁-C₄ alkyl, and particularly preferably, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and isopropyl.

In the specification, “halogen” represents F, Cl, Br, and I, and preferable examples thereof include F or Cl.

In the specification, “C₂-C₆ alkenyl” means C₂-C₆ linear or branched alkenyl which has a double bond in a given site, and specific examples thereof include ethenyl (vinyl), 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethen-1-yl, 1-buten-1-yl, 2-buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, 1-methyl-1-propen-1-yl, 2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl, 1-methyl-2-propen-1-yl, and 2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl, and preferably, 1-methyl-2-propen-1-yl or 1-pentenyl.

In the specification, “C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl” means a mono-valent group of a non-aromatic carbon ring having a reduction number of 3 to 8, which may have partially unsaturated bonds. Thus, specific examples thereof include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

In the specification, “C₃-C₈ heterocycloalkyl” means a mono-valent group of a non-aromatic carbon ring having a reduction number of 4 to 9, containing one or more heteroatoms that are the same as or different from each other, selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and optionally oxidized sulfur, which may have partial unsaturations. Specific examples thereof include aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, homopiperidinyl, morpholyl, thiomorpholyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and tetrahydrothiopyranyl.

In the specification, “aryl” means an aromatic hydrocarbon group, but preferred is an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include phenyl, naphthyl, and anthryl, and more preferred is phenyl.

In the specification, “heteroaryl” means a 5- or 6-membered ring aromatic heterocycle, containing one or more heteroatoms that are the same as or different from each other, selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Specific examples thereof include pyridyl, pyrazyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, furyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl. Preferred is a 6-membered heteroaryl, and particularly preferred is pyridyl.

The compound of the present invention may exist in the form of a geometrical isomer or a tautomer in some cases depending on the kind of the substituents. Further the compound of the present invention may have asymmetric carbons. The present invention includes either of the isolated counterparts of these isomers, and a mixture thereof. Also, the labeled compounds, that is, the compounds having at least one element in the compounds of the present invention substituted with radioactive isotopes or non-radioactive isotopes are also included in the present invention.

Furthermore, the pharmaceutically acceptable, so-called prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention are also included in the present invention. The pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug is a compound having a group which can be converted into an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic group, or the like of the compound of the present invention, by solvolysis or under a physiological condition. Examples of the group capable of forming a prodrug include the groups as described in “Prog. Med., vol. 5, 2157-2161 (1985), and “Iyakuhin no Kaihatsu (Development of Medicines) (Hirokawa Shoten, 1990), vol. 7, Bunshi Sekkei (Molecular Design)”, 163-198.

The compound represented by the formula (I) may form salts with acids or bases. These salts can be any one that are pharmaceutically acceptable, and specific examples thereof include acid addition salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid, and with organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, and salts with inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum, and with organic bases such as methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine, lysine, and ornithine, and ammonium salts.

In addition, of the present invention also includes various hydrates and solvates, and polymorphic substances of the compound represented by the formula (I) and a salt thereof.

In the specification, the following abbreviations were used.

Pr: preparation method, AcOH: acetic acid, n-BuLi: normal butyl lithium, t-BuOH: tertiary butanol, n-BuOH: normal butanol, BrCN: cyanogen bromide, CDI: 1,1′-carbonyl bis-1H-imidazole, DBU: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-7-ene, DMAP: 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, DIC: N,N′-diisopropylcarbodimide, DMF: N,N′-dimethylformamide, DCC: dicyclohexylcarbodimide, DMA: N,N-dimethylacetamide, DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide, DPPA: diphenylphosphorylazide, Et: ethyl, EDCl/HCl: N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N′-ethylcarboxamide hydrochloride, EtOH: ethanol, Et₃N: triethylamine, EtOAc: ethyl acetate, HOBt: 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole, HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography, IPE: diisopropyl ether, i-PrOH: 2-propanol, K₂CO₃: potassium carbonate, KCN: potassium cyanide, KHCO₃: potassium hydrogen carbonate, KO^(t)Bu: potassium tertiary butoxide, LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, LiH: lithium hydride, MeOH: methanol, NaH: sodium hydride, NaOH: sodium hydroxide, NaBH₄: sodium borohydride, NaCN: sodium cyanide, NaHCO₃: sodium hydrogen carbonate, Na₂CO₃: sodium carbonate, NaOMe: sodium methoxide, NaOEt: sodium ethoxide, NCS: N-chlorosuccinimide, NH₄Cl: ammonium chloride, NMP: N-methylpyrrolidone, POCl₃: phorphorous oxychloride, P₂O₅: phorphorous pentaoxide, THF: tetrahydrofuran, TLC: thin layer chromatography, TMEDA: N,N,N′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, Zn(CN)₂: zinc cyanide

(Preparation Method)

The compound (I) of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be prepared by applying various known synthetic methods, taking advantages of the characteristics based on their basic backbones or the kind of the substituents. Here, depending on the kind of the functional groups, it is in some cases effective from the viewpoint of the preparation techniques to protect the functional group with an appropriate protecting group, or to replace it by a group which may be easily converted into the functional group, during the steps of from starting materials to intermediates. Examples of such a functional group include an amino group, a hydroxyl group, and a carboxyl group, and examples of a protecting group thereof include the protecting groups as described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, edited by T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, (USA) (3^(rd) edition, 1999), which may be optionally selected and used in response to the reaction conditions. By such a method, the desired compound can be obtained by introducing a protecting group to carry out the reaction, and then, if desired, removing the protecting group or converting it into a desired group.

In addition, a prodrug of the compound (I) of the present invention can be prepared by introducing a specific group during the steps of from starting materials to intermediates, similar to the aforementioned protecting groups, or by carrying out the reaction using the obtained compound (I) of the present invention. The reaction may be carried out by employing common esterification, amidation, dehydration, or a method conventionally known to a person skilled in the art.

<First Intermediate Preparation Method>

[wherein R or R′ means lower alkyl which may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of —CN, —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)OR^(X), —C(═O)NR^(x)R^(Y), —C(═O)NHSO₂R^(X), —C(═O)—(C₁-C₈ heterocycloalkyl), —NHR^(X), —OH, —SR^(X), —S(═O₂)R^(X), halogen, and —OR^(X) (which is defined as R^(Z)-lower alkyl); R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-O—; R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-C(═O)—; R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-S(═O)₂—; R⁰—O—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-; R⁰—C(═O)—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-; R⁰—S(═O)₂—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-; (C₂-C₆)alkenyl-; —C(═O)H; —OR^(x); —S(═O)₂R^(x); halogen; ═O; —NR^(X)R^(Y); or —C(═O)NR^(X)R^(Y);

R^(X) and R^(Y) are the same as or different from each other, and each mean —H; (C₁-C₆)alkyl that may be substituted with —OH or pyridyl. Also, R^(X) may be bonded with R^(Y) and a nitrogen atom to form (C₃-C₈)heterocycloalkyl.

This preparation method is a method for preparing a benzimidazole compound represented by the formula (1-c) by allowing an aldehyde compound to undergo the reaction with a 1,2-diaminobenzene compound represented by the formula (1-b) that can be obtained by reduction of a compound represented by the formula (1-a).

The step represented by Step 1-1 is a step for reducing a nitro group of the 2 0 compound represented by the formula (1-a) to an amino group, that can be carried out at normal pressure or under elevated pressure, in a solvent inert to the reaction.

In the step represented by Step 1-2 wherein R′ is H, an imidazole ring can be constructed, for example, by allowing an orthoformic ester such as ethyl orthoformate to undergo the reaction with the compound represented by the formula (1-b) in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Furthermore, in the step represented by Step 1-2 wherein R′ is not H, for example, a method in which an amino group of the compound represented by the formula (1-a) is preliminarily acylated using a carboxylic acid, an acid chloride, a carboxylic acid anhydride, or the like, and cyclized under heating or in the presence of an acid, a method in which tetraalkyl orthocarbonate, CDI, or BrCN is used instead of an orthoformic ester, or other methods can be exemplified.

Furthermore, as other methods, a method in which a nitrobenzene compound of the formula (1-a) is subject to carbamoylation of its amine moiety, induced into an acylamine compound (1-e), subject to reduction of its nitro group, and cyclized with heat can also be exemplified (Step 1-3, Step 1-4).

All of these reactions can be carried out in a solvent inert to the reaction, or without a solvent, from at room temperature to under heating, or from under heating or under reflux.

<Second Intermediate Preparation Method>

[wherein R has the same meanings as defined above].

This preparation method is a method for preparing an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine substituted with a nitrile group represented by the formula (2-b), by using a 2-aminopyridine compound represented by the formula (2-a) as a starting material.

The step represented by Step 2-1 is a reaction for constructing an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring by allowing a chloroacetaldehyde or α-chloroketone to undergo the reaction with the compound represented by the formula (2-a).

It is preferably carried out in the presence of a base, and specific examples of the base include alkali carbonates such as Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃; alkali hydrogen carbonates such as NaHCO₃ and KHCO₃; alkoxides such as NaOMe, NaOEt, and KO^(t)Bu; tertiary amines such as Et₃N and DIPEA; and organic amines such as DBU, pyridine, and lutidine.

All of these reactions can be carried out in a solvent inert to the reaction, or without a solvent, from at room temperature to under heating, or under heating with reflux.

<Third Intermediate Preparation Method>

[wherein R has the same meanings as defined above.]

This preparation method is a method for preparing an indazole compound represented by the formula (3-c) by allowing a hydrazine hydrate with a nitrile group to undergo the reaction with a cyanobenzene compound represented by the formula (3-b) obtained by substituting a halogen group of a compound represented by the formula (3-a).

The step represented by Step 3-1 is a reaction for substituting a halogen bonding with an aromatic ring with a nitrile group. It is exemplified by a method for reaction of Zn(CN)₂ in the presence of tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium (0), a method for allowing TMEDA and Pd catalysts to undergo the reaction in the presence of Na₂CO₃ in DMA, and a method for allowing KCN, NaCN, or the like to undergo the reaction instead of Zn(CN)₂. Usually, the compound represented by the formula (3-b) can be obtained by reacting the compound represented by the formula (3-a) with tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), 1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, and Zn(CN)₂.

Here, examples of the leaving group include halogen such as Br and Cl; methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, benzenesulfonyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy, and trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy.

The step represented by Step 3-2 is a reaction for constructing an indazole ring from a cyanobenzaldehyde compound represented by the formula (3-b). Usually, a hydrazine hydrate is used in this reaction, which can be carried out without a solvent, or in a solvent inert to the reaction such as MeOH and toluene, from at room temperature to under heating, or under heating with reflux. In addition, a method using copper cyanide can also be exemplified, and a base such as pyridine may be added. Also, this reaction is preferably carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere.

<Fourth Intermediate Preparation Method>

[wherein R has the same meanings as defined above. Z represents —CH═ or —N═].

This preparation method is a method for preparing a benzotriazole or benzimidazole compound represented by the formula (4-c) by dehydrating an acid amide compound represented by the formula (4-b), obtained using a carboxylic acid compound represented by the formula (4-a) as a starting material.

The step represented by Step 4-1 is a reaction for condensing a carboxylic acid compound with ammonia represented by the formula (4-a), and constructing an acid amide group represented by the formula (4-b). The compound represented by the formula (4-a) can be used in the reaction as free acid, but a reactive derivative thereof may also be used in the reaction. Examples of the reactive derivative induced from the compound represented by the formula (4-b) include acid halides such as acid chloride and acid bromide; common esters such as methyl ester, ethyl ester, and benzyl ester; acid azides; active esters such as HOBt, p-nitrophenol, and N-hydroxysuccinimide; symmetrical acid anhydrates; a mixed acid anhydrate of a halocarboxylic acid alkyl ester such as an alkyl carbonic acid halide, a pivaloyl halide, and p-toluene sulfonic acid chloride; and a mixed acid anhydrate such as a mixed phosphoric mixed acid anhydrate, such as those obtained by the reaction of diphenylphosphoryl chloride with N-methyl morpholine.

In a case where the compound represented by the formula (4-a) is reacted as a free acid, or without isolation to an active ester, or the like, a condensing agent such as DCC, CDI, DPPA, diethylphosphoryl cyanide, and EDCl/HCl is preferably used.

The reaction solvent varies depending on a reactive derivative or a condensing agent to be used, but the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent inert to the reaction such as hydrocarbon halides, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, esters such as EtOAc, acetonitrile, DMF, and DMSO, or a mixed solvent thereof. Also, the reaction is carried out under cooling, from under cooling to at room temperature, or from at room temperature to under heating.

Furthermore, in the reaction, it is in some cases advantageous in advancing the reaction smoothly to carry out the reaction with an excessive amount of ammonia or in the presence of a base such as N-methylmorpholine, trimethylamine, Et₃N, DIPEA, N,N-dimethylaniline, pyridine, DMAP, picoline, and lutidine. Pyridine may be used in combination with the solvent.

The step represented by Step 4-2 is dehydration, for which a base may or may not exist, and a dehydrating agent such as trifluoroacetic anhydrate, POCl₃, and P₂O₅ may be used.

Furthermore, in a case for synthesizing a condensed, intermediate heterocycle other than those described in the above-described intermediate preparation methods, the methods described in Reference Examples or Examples in the present specification, or equivalent methods may be employed, or additionally, well-known methods or methods apparent to a person skilled in the art can also be used for the preparation.

<First Preparation Method>

[wherein A, X, R¹, and R⁴ are as described above. Lv represents a leaving group. A carboxylic acid represented by the formula (5-c), (5-d), and (5-g) can be purchased as a commercially available product, or prepared to a commercially available product].

This preparation method is a method for preparing the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I) by reacting a hydroxyamidine represented by the formula (5-b) obtained by allowing hydroxylamine to undergo the reaction with an aromatic nitrile compound represented by the formula (5-a), with a carboxylic acid represented by the formula (5-c).

In a step represented by Step 5-1, the hydroxyamidine represented by the formula (5-b) can be prepared by allowing a free hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine hydrochloride to undergo the reaction in the presence of a base.

This reaction can be carried out in a solvent inert to the reaction. Specific examples of the solvent include alcohols such as MeOH, EtOH, and i-PrOH; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; ethers such as ether, THF, dioxane, and diethoxyethane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride; acetonitriles; aprotic polar solvents such as DMF, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and DMSO; water; or a mixed solvent thereof. Usually, alcohols are used in the reaction. As described above, in a case where hydroxylamine hydrochloride is used in this reaction, the reaction is preferably used in the presence of a base, and specific examples of the base include alkali carbonates such as Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃; alkali hydrogen carbonates such as NaHCO₃ and KHCO₃; alkoxides such as NaOMe, NaOEt, and KO^(t)Bu; tertiary amines such as Et₃N and DIPEA; and organic amines such as DBU, pyridine, and lutidine. The reaction temperature varies depending on the kinds of the starting material compounds, the reaction conditions, or the like, but the reaction can be carried out usually from at room temperature to at about a reflux temperature of the solvent. Typically, in the presence of a base such as Na₂CO₃, the reaction can be carried out in an organic solvent inert to the reaction, such as MeOH, from at room temperature to under heating.

The step represented by Step 5-2 consists of two steps, i.e., a step of acylation of a hydroxyamidine product, and a step of a cyclization reaction in this order. The acylation step can be carried out in the following manner. The compound represented by the formula (5-c) can be used in the reaction as a free acid, but a reactive derivative thereof may also be used in the reaction. Examples of the reactive derivative include acid halides such as acid chloride and acid bromide; common esters such as methyl ester, ethyl ester, and benzyl ester; acid azides; active esters such as HOBt, p-nitrophenol, and N-hydroxysuccinimide; symmetrical acid anhydrates; a mixed acid anhydrate of a halocarboxylic acid alkyl ester such as an alkyl carbonic acid halide, a pivaloyl halide, and p-toluene sulfonic acid chloride; and a mixed acid anhydrate such as a mixed phosphoric mixed acid anhydrate, such as those obtained by the reaction of diphenylphosphoryl chloride with N-methyl morpholine.

In a case where the compound represented by the formula (5-c) is reacted as a free acid, or without isolation to an active ester, or the like, a condensing agent such as DCC, CDI, DPPA, diethylphosphoryl cyanide, and EDCl/HCl is preferably used.

The reaction solvent varies depending on a reactive derivative or a condensing agent to be used, but the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent inert to the reaction such as hydrocarbon halides, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, esters such as EtOAc, acetonitrile, DMF, and DMSO, or a mixed solvent thereof, under cooling, from under cooling to at room temperature, or from at room temperature to under heating.

In the reaction, the reaction may be smoothly advanced in some cases to carry out the reaction in the presence of a base such as N-methylmorpholine, trimethylamine, Et₃N, DIPEA, N,N-dimethylaniline, pyridine, DMAP, picoline, and lutidine. Also, pyridine may be used in combination with the solvent. An acylated product as an intermediate can be purified by isolation, and heated in an organic solvent inert to the reaction, such as EtOH, dioxane, toluene, and water. Usually, this two-step reaction can be carried out in one operation, by heating or microwave-radiating the product as it is or as a reaction mixture, after acylation.

Specific examples of the solvent include aromatics such as toluene, xylene, and pyridine; ethers such as diethyl ether, THF, dioxane, and diethoxyethane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride; acetonitriles; aprotic polar solvents such as DMF, DMA, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, NMP, and DMSO; water; or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction temperature varies depending on the kinds of the starting material compounds, the reaction conditions, or the like, but the reaction can be carried out usually from at room temperature to under heating.

In a case where X represents —O— or —NH—, synthesis can be made by the following preparation method.

The steps represented by Step 5-3 and Step 5-5 can be carried out in the same manner as the step represented by Step 5-2.

The steps represented by Step 5-4 and Step 5-6 are steps for preparing the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I) by allowing phenol, aniline, alcohol, or amine represented by the formula (5-e) or the formula (5-i) to undergo the reaction with a compound having a leaving group, represented by the formula (5-f) or the formula (5-h). Here, examples of the leaving group include halogens such as chlorine and bromine; and sulfonyloxy such as methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, benzenesulfonyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxy, and trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy.

The reaction is carried out at normal pressure or under elevated pressure, without a solvent or in an appropriate solvent.

Specific examples of the solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; ketones such as acetone and methylethylketone; ethers such as ether, THF, dioxane, and diethoxyethane; alcohols such as MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH, and n-BuOH; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride; acetonitriles; aprotic polar solvents such as DMF, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, NMP, and DMSO; water; or a mixed solvent thereof. This reaction is preferably used in the presence of a base, and specific examples of the base include NaH; alkali carbonates such as Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃; alkali hydrogen carbonates such as NaHCO₃ and KHCO₃; alkoxides such as NaOMe, NaOEt, and KO^(t)Bu; tertiary amines such as Et₃N, tributylamine, and DIPEA; and organic amines such as DBU, pyridine, and lutidine, but an excessive amount can be combined in an amine represented by the formula (5-e) or the formula (5-i). The reaction temperature varies depending on the kinds of the starting material compounds, the reaction conditions, or the like, but the reaction can be carried out usually from at room temperature to at about a reflux temperature of the solvent. Usually, the reaction can be carried out in the presence of a base such as NaH and Na₂CO₃, in an organic solvent inert to the reaction, such as DMF and DMA, from at −10° C. to under heating. Also, the amine represented by the formula (5-e) or the formula (5-i) can be provided for the reaction as a salt thereof. In addition, a microwave may be radiated under heating for the preparation.

Moreover, several compounds represented by the formula (I) can be prepared by any combination of well-known processes that can be usually employed by a person skilled in the art, such as well-known alkylation, acylation, substitution reaction, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, deprotection, and halogenation from the compound of the present invention as prepared in the above-described manner.

For example, for alkylation, the alkylation reaction that can be usually used by a person skilled in the art can be employed, which can be carried out in an organic solvent inert to the reaction, such as ethers; aromatic hydrocarbons; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloroethane, dichloroethane, and chloroform; DMF, acetonitriles; and aprotic polar solvents, under cooling, from under cooling to at room temperature, or from at room temperature to under heating, in the presence of a base such as NaH; alkali carbonates; alkali hydrogen carbonates; alkoxides; tertiary amines; and organic bases.

Furthermore, for example, for acylation, the acylation reaction that can be usually used by a person skilled in the art can be employed, which can be particularly carried out in the presence of HOBt, in a solvent varying depending on a condensing agent such as EDCl/HCl or CDI, and diphenylphosphorylcyanide, in a solvent varying depending on the reaction condition, but usually in an organic, inert solvent such as ethers; aromatic hydrocarbons; halogenated hydrogen such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, and chloroform; esters such as EtOAc; acetonitriles; and aprotic solvents, under cooling, from under cooling to at room temperature, or from at room temperature to under heating.

Thus prepared compound is purified by isolation, as it is, or as a salt thereof after a salt-forming treatment by a conventional method. The purification by isolation is carried out by applying common chemical operations such as extraction, concentration, removal by distillation, crystallization, filtration, recrystallization, and various types of chromatography.

Various types of the isomers can be isolated by a conventional method, taking advantage of the difference in the physiochemical properties among the isomers. For example, a racemic mixture can be induced into optically pure isomers, for example, by a general resolution method for racemic products, such as an optical resolution method for inducing diastereomer salts with general, optically active acids such as tartaric acid. Also, the diastereomer mixture can be separated, for example, by fractional crystallization, or various types of chromatography. Furthermore, the optically active compounds can also be prepared by using the corresponding, optically active starting materials.

The actions of the compounds of the present invention were confirmed by the following pharmacological tests.

Experimental Example 1 Test for Confirming an S1P₁ Agonist Activity 1) Evaluation of a Receptor Agonist Activity by a GTP[γ-³⁵S] Bond Assay Using the Membrane of a Human S1P₁ Expressing Cell

The in vitro S1P₁ agonist activity of the compound of the present invention was evaluated by the increase in the functional bonding activity into the G-Protein of a GTP[γ-³⁵S] using the membrane of a human S1P₁ expressing cell. A cDNA encoding a human S1P₁ was cloned from a human colorectal cDNA library, and introduced to an expression vector pcDNA3.1 to construct a S1P₁-pcDNA3.1. Then, by Lipofectamine 2000 (GIBCO), the S1P₁-pcDNA3.1 was transfected into a CHO cell, and cultured in a Ham's F-12 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL Penicillin, 100 μg/mL Streptomycin, and 1 mg/mL G418 disulfate, to obtain a stable, G418-resistant strain. The cultured human S1P₁ expressing cells were isolated in a 1 mM EDTA/2Na-containing PBS, and disrupted under ice-cooling by a homogenizer made of glass in a 1 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.4) buffer solution containing 0.1 mM EDTA and a protein inhibitor. It was centrifuged at 1,400×10 min, and a supernatant was further centrifuged at 4° C. for 60 min at 100,000×g, and suspended in a 10 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.4) buffer solution containing 1 mM EDTA. The obtained membrane (0.13 mg/mL) and 50 pM GTP[γ-³⁵S] (NEN; inactive 1250 Ci/mmol) were reacted in a 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.0) buffer solution (total amount: 150 μL) containing 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl₂, 0.1% fatty acid-free BSA, and 5 μM GDP for 1 hour together with the compound of the present invention (10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁵ M), and then a membrane was recovered on a GF-C plate with a Cell Harvester (Packard, FilterMate). The FilterMate was dried at 50° C. for 60 min, and Microscinti-o (Packard) was added thereto for measurement by a liquids scintillation counter for a microplate (Packard, TOP count). For evaluation of the human S1P₁ agonist activity of the compound of the present invention and the comparative compound, the percentages with the rate of a maximum reaction to make the GTP[γ-³⁵S] bonds saturated in the presence of the compound being set at 100%, and the rate of the reaction of the GTP[γ-³⁵S] bonds in the absence of the compound being set at 0% was used, a non-linear regression curve was plotted, and a concentration to cause an agonist activity operating 50% of the maximum reaction was defined as an EC₅₀ value (nM).

TABLE 1 S1P₁ Ex EC₅₀ 2 13 5 5.5 6 1.2 8 5.4 12 4.7 15 2.1 23 6.8 26 4.7 37 5.4 48 6.5 51 13 53 5.8 54 2.3 59 3.8 60 2.1 64 5.7 65 4.0 67 3.7 81 5.9 87 3.7 106 8.7 110 6.2 119 4.3 120 4.6 121 12 143 5.4 147 3.2 151 11 152 7.6 158 1.8 163 1.9 164 2.8 173 4.3 181 4.7 182 4.2 193 6.8 194 2.0 196 5.3 197 3.3 199 5.0 200 3.6 As a result, it can be confirmed that the compound of the present invention has an S1P₁ agonist activity.

2) Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Lymphopenia in Rat

The peripheral blood lymphopenia in rat was measured at 24 hours after oral administration in the following manner. Six- to ten-week-old male Lewis rats (Japan Charles river laboratories) were randomly divided into the groups (n=3), and the compound of the present invention was suspended in 0.5% methyl cellulose-containing distilled water, and orally administered with a sonde. At 24 hours after administration, under ether anesthesia, 0.2 ml of blood was collected from ocular fundus. To the blood sample were immediately added EDTA/4K and heparin to prevent clotting, and the number of the lymphocytes in blood was measured with an automatic haematology analyzer (Sysmex Corp.; XT-2000i). For the reduction of the number of the lymphocytes in peripheral blood by the compound of the present invention, the percentage with the number of the lymphocytes in groups administered with 0.5% methyl cellulose-containing distilled water being set at 100%, as performed at the same time was used, and the dose to cause 50% reduction of the number of the lymphocytes in peripheral blood by administration of the compound of the present invention was defined an ED₅₀ value (mg/kg).

For the comparative compounds 1 and 2 as described in the pamphlet of International Publication No. WO2004/103279, the comparative compound 3 as thought to be encompassed in the claim of the pamphlet of International Publication No. WO2005/032465, and the compound of Example 119, the ED₅₀ values at 24 hours after administration were compared for the reduction of the number of the lymphocytes in peripheral blood in rat.

TABLE 2 ED₅₀ value after 24 Compound Structure hours Ex 119

0.071 mg/kg  Comparative Compound 1

1.4 mg/kg Comparative Compound 2

8.8 mg/kg Comparative Compound 3

3.7 mg/kg

Moreover, for the comparative compound 4 as thought to be encompassed in the claim of the pamphlet of International Publication No. WO2004/103279, the comparative compounds 5 as described in the pamphlet of International Publication No. WO2004/103279, and the compound of Example 199, the ED₅₀ values at 24 hours after administration were compared for the reduction of the number of the lymphocytes in peripheral blood in rat.

TABLE 3 ED₅₀ value after 24 Compound Structure hours Ex 199

0.26 mg/kg Comparative Compound 4

>10 mg/kg Comparative Compound 5

>10 mg/kg

As a result, it was demonstrated that the compounds of Example 119 and Example 199 show a high ED₅₀ value even after 24 hours, indicating persistence.

Since the compound of the present invention has an S1P₁ agonist effect, it is useful as an active ingredient of an agent for treating or an agent for preventing a disease caused by unfavorable lymphocytic infiltration, for example, an autoimmune disease such as graft rejection in the transplantation of an organ, bone marrow, or a tissue or a graft-versus-host disease, rheumatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, nephrotic syndrome, encephalomeningitis, myasthenia gravis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, diabetes, pulmonary disorder, asthma, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, or ischemia-reperfusion injury or an inflammatory disease, and further, a disease caused by the abnormal growth or accumulation of cells, such as cancer and leukemia.

Furthermore, the compound of the present invention is useful to treat and/or prevent the following diseases, based on the agonist activity against an S1P₁.

It is useful to treat and/or prevent inflammatory or hyperplastic skin diseases such as psoriasis, contact dermiatitis, eczematoid dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, lichen planus, pemphigus, pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa, hives, vascular edema, obliterans, erythema, eosinophilia of skin, lupus erythematosus, acne, and alopecia areata, or expression of skin diseases through an immune system; autoimmune diseases or allergic diseases of eyes, such as keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctitis, allergic conjunctivitis, uveitis associated with Behcet disease, keratitis, Herpesviral keratitis, Keratoconus keratitis, corneal epithelial dystrophies, corneal leukoma, ocular pemphigus, Mooren's ulcer, scleritis, Graves' ophthalmopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, leratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye), vesicle, iridocyclitis, sarcoidosis, and ophthalmic diseases inendocrine glands; reversible obstructive lung diseases (asthma (for example, bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma, extrinsic asthma, and dirt asthma), in particular, chronic or difficult asthma (for example, late-onset asthma, and airway diseases); mucous or angiitis (for example, gastric ulcers, ischemic or thrombotic Vascular Injuries, age-related maculopath, diabetic maculopath, ischemic bowel disease, bowel disease, necrotizing enteritis, intestinal tract lesion by heat burn, and diseases by a transmitter of a Leukotriene B4); inflammatory intestine or allergic diseases of intestine, including, for example, proctitis, eosinophilic enteritis, mastocytosis, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis; food-related allergic diseases expressing the conditions on a site that is remote from the gastro-intestinal tract including, for example, migraine, rhinitis, and eczema; autoimmune diseases or inflammatory diseases including, for example, primary mucous edema, autoimmune atrophic gastritis, precocious climacteric period, juvenile diabetes, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigoid, sympathetic ophtalmolima, lens-induced uveitis, paroxysmal Leukopenia, chronic active hepatitis, paroxysmal liver cirrhosis, discoid lupus erythematosus, Sjoegren syndrome, autoimmune orchitis, arthritis (for example, modified arthritis), and polychondritis; renal diseases including, for example, membranous nephrophathy, membranoproliferative nephritis, focal global glomerulosclerosis, crescent nephritis, glomerular nephritis, IgA nephropathy, tubulopathy interstitial nephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, the compound of the present invention is also useful to treat and/or prevent liver diseases (for example, immunogenic diseases (for example, autoimmune lever diseases, chronic autoimmune lever diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis., sclerosing cholangitis, and the like), partial hepatic dissection, acute hepatic necrosis (for example, necrosis caused by toxin, viral hepatitis, shock, anoxia, or the like), Type B hepatitis, non-Type A hepatitis, cirrhosis, heptatic failure (for example, fulminant hepatitis, late-onset hepatitis, hepatic failure (acute hepatic failure or chronic hepatic disease)), and the like.

In addition, compound of the present invention can be administered as an S1P₁ agonist alone, or in combination with at least one agent, in the same dose or different doses, through the same or different administration routes. Examples of the agent that can be combined include, but not limited thereto, cyclosporin A, tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, mycophenolate, azathioprine, brequinar, Leflunomide, fingolimod, an anti-IL-2 receptor antibody (for example, daclizumab), an anti-CD3 antibody (for example, OKT3), anti-T cell immunoglobulin (for example, AtGam), belatacept, abatacept, cyclophosphamide, β-interferone, aspirine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, piroxicam, and anti-inflammatory steroid (for example, prednisolone, and dexamethasone).

A preparation containing the compound represented by the formula (I), or one, or two or more kinds of the salts thereof as effective ingredients are prepared by using a carrier, an excipient or other additives that are usually used in the preparation of medicines.

Administration may be made in any one form for either oral administration by tablets, pills, capsules, granules, powders, and solutions, or for parenteral administration by injections for intravenous injection, and intramuscular injection, suppositories, percutaneous preparations, transnasal preparations, inhalations or the like. The dose is appropriately decided in response to an individual case by taking the symptoms, age and sex of the subject and the like into consideration, but is usually from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg per day per adult in the case of oral administration, and this is administered in one portion or dividing it into 2 to 4 portions. Also, in the case of intravenous administration according to the symptoms, it is administered usually within the range of from 0.0001 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg per day per adult, once a day or two or more times a day. In addition, in the case of inhalation, it is administered generally within the range of from 0.0001 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg per adult, once a day or two or more times a day.

Regarding the solid composition of the present invention for oral administration, tablets, powders, granules, or the like are used. In such a solid composition, one or more active substances are mixed with at least one inactive excipient such as lactose, mannitol, glucose, hydroxypropylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and aluminum magnesium silicate. In a conventional method, the composition may contain inactive additives, for example, a lubricant such as magnesium stearate, a disintegrator such as carboxymethylstarch sodium, or a solubilizing agent. As occasion demands, tablets or pills may be coated with a sugar coating, or a gastric or enteric coating agent.

The liquid composition for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs, and the like, and contains generally used inert solvents such as purified water and ethanol. In addition to the inert solvent, this composition may contain an auxiliary agent such as a solubilizing agent, a moistening agent, and a suspending agent, a sweetener, a corrective, an aromatic, and an antiseptic.

Injections for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Examples of the aqueous solvent include distilled water for injection and physiological saline. Examples of the non-aqueous solvent include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, plant oils such as olive oil, alcohols such as ethanol, and Polysorbate 80 (Pharmacopeia). Such a composition may further contain a tonicity agent, an antiseptic, a moistening agent, an emulsifying agent, a dispersing agent, a stabilizing agent, and a solubilizing agent. These are sterilized, for example, by filtration through bacteria retaining filter, blending of bactericides, or irradiation. In addition, these can also be used by producing a sterile solid composition, and dissolving or suspending it in sterile water or a sterile solvent for injection prior to its use.

Regarding a transmucosal agent such as an inhalations and a transnasal agent, those in a solid, liquid or semi-solid state are used, and may be produced in accordance with a conventionally known method. For example, an excipient such as lactose and starch, and also a pH adjusting agent, an antiseptic, a surfactant, a lubricant, a stabilizer, a thickener, and the like may be optionally added thereto. For their administration, an appropriate device for inhalation or blowing may be used. For example, a compound may be administered alone or as a powder of formulated mixture, or as a solution or suspension by combining it with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, using a conventionally known device or sprayer, such as a measured administration inhalation device. The dry powder inhaler or the like may be for single or multiple administration use, and a dry powder or a powder-containing capsule may be used. Alternatively, this may be in a form such as a high pressure aerosol spray which uses an appropriate propellant, for example, a suitable gas such as chlorofluoroalkane, hydrofluoroalkane, and carbon dioxide.

The external agent includes ointments, plasters, creams, jellies, paps, sprays, lotions, eye drops, eye ointments, and the like. The external agent contains ointment bases, lotion bases, aqueous and non-aqueous liquids, suspensions, emulsions, and the like, for general use. Examples of the ointment or lotion bases include polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, white Vaseline, white beeswax, polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil, glycerin monostearate, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, lauromacrogol, and sorbitan sesquioleate.

Example

Hereinafter, the compounds of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. The present invention is not limited to the inventions as described in the following Examples. The preparation methods of the starting material compounds are shown in Preparation Examples.

[In the following tables, Pr represents Preparation Example No., and Structure represents a structural formula. As the abbreviation symbols in the structural formulae, Me represents a methyl group, and Et represents an ethyl group. Criss-cross double bond represents a cis/trans mixture, and if the section of Data describes only the numbers, it shows MS data. MS represents mass spectrometry data. In the tables, RT refers to a retention time in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and M represents minutes. The condition for HPLC is as follows: column: Intertsil ODS-34.6×150 mm, eluent 0.01M KH₂PO₄ aq./MeCN(3:7), flow rate: 1.0 ml/min, detection wavelength: 254 nm. If ¹H-NMR data are described in the tables, tetramethylsilane is used as an internal standard, and unless otherwise specifically mentioned, δ (ppm) (integrated values, variation patterns) of the signals in ¹H-NMR using DMSO-d₆ as a measurement solvent is shown. Abbreviation symbols have the same meanings as follows. S: singlet, d: doublet, t: triplet q: quartet dd: double doublet, ddd: double double doublet, dt: double triplet, dm: double multiplet, br: broad, brs: broad singlet, Hz: Hertz, CDCl₃: deuterated chloroform, DMSO-d₆: dimethylsulfoxide-d₆, and in the present specification, NMR represents ¹H-NMR: proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The same shall apply hereinafter].

Preparation Example 1

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carbonitrile hydrochloride (1.50 g), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (301 mg), and Na₂CO₃ (3.50 g) were stirred at 60° C. for 6 hours in CH₃OH (57 ml). The reaction solution was cooled and concentrated, and completion of the reaction was confirmed by LC-MS. To the residue was added water, followed by extraction twice with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain N′-hydroxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxamide (850 mg) as a white solid.

The compounds shown in Pr 1-1 through Pr 1-17 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1.

TABLE 4 Pr Structure MS 1

177 1-1

191 1-2

191 1-3

205 1-4

263 1-5

177 1-6

191 1-7

RT: 1.79 M 1-8

191 1-9

177 1-10

191 1-11

RT: 1.64 M 1-12

RT: 1.60 M 1-13

192 1-14

233 1-15

231 1-16

391 1-17

Preparation Example 2

In a 50 ml reaction vessel, to a solution of 1H-indole-4-carbonitrile (5.00 g) in CH₃OH (100 ml) was added hydroxylamine (50% aqueous solution) at room temperature, followed by refluxing for 15 hours (completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC). The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and azeotroped with toluene three times. The obtained solid was washed with IPE. N′-Hydroxy-1H-indole-4-carboximidamide (6.12 g) was obtained as a white solid.

The compounds shown in Pr 2-1 through Pr 2-26 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2.

TABLE 5 Pr Structure MS 2

176 2-1

191 2-2

205 2-3

263 2-4

177 2-5

191 2-6

191 2-7

221 2-8

192 2-9

193 2-10

191 2-11

188

TABLE 6 Pr Structure MS 2-12

202 2-13

2-14

RT: 1.68 M 2-15

177 2-16

NMR below 2-17

2-18

RT: 1.62 M 2-19

200 2-20

RT: 1.69 M 2-21

RT: 1.62 M 2-22

RT: 1.62 M 2-23

177 2-24

225 2-25

177 2-26

177

TABLE 7 Pr NMR 2-16 5.71(2H, s), 6.47(1H, d), 7.50(1H, d), 7.61(1H, d), 7.93(1H, d), 9.78(1H, s), 11.70(1H, s)

Preparation Example 3

A suspension of N²-hydroxy-1H-indole-4-carboxamide (1.00 g), 4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (1.19 g), and EDCl/HCl (1.32 g) in dioxane (30 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and further heated under reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, chloroform and water were added thereto, followed by stirring. The insolubles were collected by filtration. The organic layer of the mother liquor was washed with water, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The insolubles collected by filtration, together with the mother liquor, was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=80:20). To the objective substance was added acetone, followed by dissolving under heating, and addition with n-hexane, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain 4-{5-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (391 mg) as a white solid.

TABLE 8 Pr Structure MS 3

346

Preparation Example 4

N²-{[(5,6-Dichloropyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]oxy}-1H-indole-4-carboxamidine (1.91 g) was added to dioxane (40 ml), followed by heating under reflux for 5 hours. It was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc). To the obtained solid was added acetone, followed by suspension under heating. After being left to be cooled, the insolubles was collected by filtration to obtain 4-[5-(5,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1H-indole (1.44 g) as pale yellow powders.

TABLE 9 Pr Structure MS 4

331, 329

Preparation Example 5

A solution of N²-hydroxy-1H-indole-4-carboxamide (3.42 g) and 4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (4.07 g) in THF (70 ml) was cooled to −10° C. or lower, and added with DIC (3.7 ml). After stirring at −15 to −5° C. for 3 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in chloroform, and then the insolubles were collected by filtration. The obtained powders were purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=50:50) to obtain N²-{[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]oxy}-1H-indole-4-carboxamide (8.40 g) as a white solid.

The compound shown in Pr 5-1 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 5.

TABLE 10 Pr Structure MS 5

388, 366 5-1

—

Preparation Example 6

To a solution of 6-amino-2-methylnicotinonitrile (960 mg) in ethanol (34 ml) was added a 40% aqueous chloroacetaldehyde solution (2.36 ml) at 60° C. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 8 hours. The resulting precipitates were collected by filtration to obtain 5-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile hydrochloride (580 mg) as a white solid.

The compounds shown in Pr 6-1 through Pr 6-11 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 6.

TABLE 11 Pr Structure MS 6

158 6-1

158 6-2

158 6-3

252 6-4

144 6-5

172 6-6

NMR below 6-7

252 6-8

172 6-9

NMR below 6-10

158 6-11

158

TABLE 12 Pr NMR 6-6 2.39(3H, s), 7.14(2H, m), 7.92(1H, s), 8.18(1H, s), 8.62(1H, d) 6-9 7.48(1H, dd, J = 1.6, 9.3 Hz), 7.74(1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz), 7.76(1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.06(1H, s), 9.37(1H, s)

Preparation Example 7

To a solution of 3,4-diaminobenzonitrile (500 mg) in AcOH (10 ml) was added Ac₂O (372 μl) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 15 hours (oil bath at 150° C.). It was cooled to room temperature, and concentrated until the amount of AcOH was reduced to a half. It was neutralized with an aqueous Na₂CO₃ solution, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (390 mg) as a pale red one.

TABLE 13 Pr Structure MS 7

158

Preparation Example 8

A reaction mixture of 4,5-diamino-2-methylbenzonitrile (20 mg) and formic acid (6 ml) was refluxed for 3 hours. The reaction solution was cooled and concentrated. To the residue was added a 1M aqueous NaOH solution, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain 5-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carbonitrile as colorless powders.

The compound shown in Pr 8-1 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 8.

TABLE 14 Pr Structure MS 8

158 8-1

211, 213

Preparation Example 9

A solution of 3,4-diaminobenzonitrile (400 mg) in ethyl orthoformate (6.48 ml) was added AcOH (238 mg), followed by stirring at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and partitioned between EtOAc and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₃, and then collected by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated, and purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 2-ethoxy-1H-benzimidazole-6-carbonitrile (164 mg) as colorless powders.

TABLE 15 Pr Structure MS 9

210

Preparation Example 10

To a suspension of 3,4-diaminobenzonitrile (400 mg) in CH₃OH (4 ml) was added BrCN (477 mg), followed by stirring at 20° C. for 14 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (0.117 ml), followed by concentration. To the residue was added chloroform:CH₃OH=10:1 (10 ml), and the resulting insolubles were removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 2-amino-1H-benzimidazole-6-carbonitrile (311 mg) as pale orange color powders.

TABLE 16 Pr Structure MS 10

159

Preparation Example 11

To a solution of 3,4-diaminobenzonitrile (350 mg) in toluene (5.5 ml) was added CDI (554 mg), followed by stirring at 125° C. for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (0.117 ml), followed by extraction with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgsO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. It was powdered/washed with IPE/IPA to obtain 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (423 mg) as colorless powders.

TABLE 17 Pr Structure NMR 11

7.07 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 7.39 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 8.2 Hz), 11.12 (2H, br)

Preparation Example 12

To a mixed solution of N-(4-cyano-2-nitrophenyl)penta-4-enamide (1.0 g) in AcOH/ethanol (1:1,20 ml) was added iron powders (710 mg). The reaction solution was heated at 110° C. for 3 hours, and then concentrated. To the residue was added chloroform, followed by neutralization with a saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered to remove a desiccant, and the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 3-butenyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (405 mg) as a colorless liquid.

The compounds shown in Pr 12-1 through Pr 12-2 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 12.

TABLE 18 Pr Structure MS 12

220 12-1

266 12-2

218

Preparation Example 13

To a solution of 2-fluoroterephthalonitrile (500 mg) and Et₃N (572 μl) in EtOH (20 ml) was added hydrazine (monohydrate), followed by reaction at 60° C. for 16 hours, and concentrated. The residue was washed with diethyl ether to obtain 3-amino-1H-indazole-6-carbonitrile (488 mg) as a yellow solid.

The compound shown in Pr 13-1 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 13.

TABLE 19 Pr Structure MS 13

157 13-1

Preparation Example 14

To a suspension of 3-amino-1H-indazole-6-carbonitrile (345 mg) in AcOH was slowly added an aqueous NaNO₂ solution (301 mg) at 0° C. It was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 days, and the residue was collected by filtration, and washed with cool water. To the residue were added 0.1M HCl and DME, followed by stirring at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized with a saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=80:20 to 50:50) to obtain 1H-indazole-6-carbonitrile (175 mg) as a yellow solid.

TABLE 20 Pr Structure MS 14

142

Preparation Example 15

Methyl (4-cyano-2-nitrophenyl)acetate (128 mg) was dissolved in AcOH (3.0 ml), followed by addition of iron powders (129 mg), and the reaction solution was stirred in an oil bath at 100° C. for 1.5 hours. It was concentrated to remove AcOH, followed by addition of EtOAc. The brown solid was separated by filtration, and the organic layer was washed with a 1M HCl solution and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=99:1 to 95:5) to obtain to obtain 2-oxoindoline-6-carbonitrile (52.0 mg) as a pale yellow solid.

TABLE 21 Pr Structure MS 15

157

Preparation Example 16

To a solution of 6-bromo-2,2-dimethylindanemethylindan-1-one (124 mg) in TFA (4.44 g, 3.0 ml) was added triethylsilane (150 mg, 207 μl) at room temperature. After stirring at room temperature for 2.5 days, to the reaction solution was added water to stop the reaction, followed by washing with water and a saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane only) to obtain 5-bromo-2,2-dimethylindane (114 mg) as a colorless oil.

TABLE 22 Rf Struture NMR 16

1.09(6H, s), 2.63(2H, s), 2.68(2H, s), 7.13(1H, d), 7.27(1H, dm), 7.36 (1H, m)

Preparation Example 17

In THF (30 ml), to a mixture of 6-bromo-1-indanone (300 mg) and diazomethane (504 mg, 221 μl) was added 60% NaH (125 mg) at 0° C. It was stirred at room temperature for 3.5 hours, and washed with a saturated NH₄Cl solution. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=100:0 to 80:20) to obtain 6-bromo-2, 2-dimethyl-1-indanone (158 mg) as a pale yellow oil.

TABLE 23 Pr Structure MS 17

 261, 263

Preparation Example 18

To a solution of 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (730 mg) in DMF (10 ml) was added CDI (1.06 g) at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 3.5 hours. The reaction solution was diluted with water (10 ml), and extracted with EtOAc (200 ml). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=98:2 to 93:7) to obtain 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-5-carbonitrile (647 mg) as a pale yellow solid.

The compound shown in Pr 18-1 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 18.

TABLE 24 Pr Structure MS 18

159 18-1

183

Preparation Example 19

To a solution of 60% NaH (12.38 g) in DMF (480 ml) was added a solution of 1H-indole-4-carbonitrile (40.0 g) in DMF (80 ml) at 0° C. After stirring at 0° C. for 30 min, it was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hour. Thereafter, a solution of 2-bromoacetamide (40.76 g) in DMF (80 ml) was added dropwise thereto at 0° C. The solution was warmed from 0° C. to room temperature, and stirred for 12 hours. To the reaction solution was added water (1200 ml), and the precipitated white solid was collected by filtration. The solution was washed with hot water (300 ml) and diisopropyl ether (200 ml) to obtain 2-(4-cyano-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide (52.1 g) as a white solid.

TABLE 25 Pr Structure MS 19

222

Preparation Example 20

To a solution of 3-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzonitrile (430 mg) in IPA (3 ml) was added a 5M aqueous NaOH solution (1.37 ml), followed by stirring at 80° C. for 24 hours, and a 5M aqueous NaOH solution (1.37 ml) was further added thereto, followed by stirring at 95° C. for 24 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated until the amount was reduced to a half. To the residue was added 12M HCl, and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, and then dried to obtain 3-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzoic acid as a yellow solid.

The compounds shown in Pr 20-1 through Pr 20-3 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 20.

TABLE 26 Pr Structure MS 20

267 20-1

251 20-2

247 20-3

263

Preparation Example 21

To 3-(difluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzonitrile (234 mg) were added water (2 ml) and sulfuric acid (2 ml), followed by reflux for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was alkalified with a 5M aqueous NaOH solution, and extracted with diethyl ether (30 ml). The aqueous layer was acidified by 1M HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=97:3 to 90:10) to obtain 3-formyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzoic acid (151 mg) as a white solid.

The compounds shown in Pr 21-1 through Pr 21-8 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 21.

TABLE 27 Pr Structure MS 21

261 21-1

315 21-2

245 21-3

257 21-4

301 21-5

261 21-6

 311, 313

Preparation Example 22

To 5-bromo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzonitrile in a mixed solvent of toluene/THF (4:1) was added a solution of n-BuLi in n-hexane at −78° C. With passing a CO₂ gas therethrough, the solution was stirred for 0.5 hour. To the reaction solution was added a 1M aqueous NaOH solution to complete the reaction, and followed by extraction with diethyl ether. The organic layer was acidified by adding 1M HCl, extracted with EtOAc, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=97:3 to 90:10) to obtain 3-cyano-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzoic acid as a white solid.

The compound shown in Pr 22-1 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 22.

TABLE 28 Pr Structure MS 22

258 22-1

189

Preparation Example 23

To a mixed solution was added a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (4.1 ml) of methyl 1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-4-carboxylate (430 mg) in CH₃OH-THF (4 ml-3 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 10 hours, and then concentrated under reduced pressure, and water (10 ml) was added, and subsequently 1M HCl was added thereto until pH becomes 3. The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain 1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-4-carboxylic acid (325 mg) as white powders.

TABLE 29 Pr Structure MS 23

194

Preparation Example 24

A solution of 1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (75.0 g) in dichloromethane (750 ml) was allowed to be reacted with oxalyl chloride (76.3 g, 52.4 ml) at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the reaction solution was concentrated. To a solution of the residue in THF (750 ml) was added a 28% aqueous NH₃ solution (5 ml) under ice-cooling. This reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature, and the reaction solution was concentrated. The purple residue was powdered/washed with IPE/IPA, and then collected by filtration to obtain 1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxamide (129 g) (including inorganic salts).

The compound shown in Pr 24-1 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 24.

TABLE 30 Pr Structure MS 24

162 24-1

184

Preparation Example 25 Preparation Example 25-1

To a solution of 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid (2 g), EDCl/HCl (2.82 g), and HOBt in DMF (70 ml) was added an aqueous NH₃ solution (5.1 ml), followed by reaction at room temperature for 2 hours. It was concentrated, and the residue was washed with a saturated NaHCO₃ solution, collected by filtration, and dried to obtain 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxamide (1.98 g) as a black solid.

Preparation Example 25-3

In a 50 ml reaction vessel, to a solution of methyl 4-chloro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylate ester (300 mg) in formamide (2.65 ml) was added NaOCH₃ (288 mg) at room temperature. The solution was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours. Completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC and LC, and then the reaction solution was concentrated, and added with water to complete the reaction. It was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic purifier, chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 90:10) to obtain 4-chloro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxamide (257 mg) as a white solid.

The compound shown in Pr 25-2 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 25-1.

TABLE 31 Pr Structure MS 25-1

185 25-2

201 25-3

 232, 234

Preparation Example 26

To a solution of 3-formyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzoic acid (490 mg) and K₂CO₃ (387 mg) in acetone (10 ml) was added iodomethane (350 μl) at room temperature, followed by stirring for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (15 ml), and extracted with EtOAc (30 ml). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and filtered to remove the desiccant, and the solvent was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=95:5 to 80:20) to obtain methyl 3-formyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzoate (122 mg) as a white solid.

TABLE 32 Pr Structure MS 26

275

Preparation Example 27

Under ice-cooling, to DMF (30 ml) was slowly added dropwise POCl₃ (6.68 g, 4.06 ml), followed by reaction at room temperature for 2 hours, and then a solution of 1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxamide (2.38 g) in DMF (47.6 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. To the solution was added a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (pH 6 to 7), followed by stirring at room temperature for 0.5 hour. The solution was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography, and powdered/washed with IPE to obtain 1H-benzimidazole-6-carbonitrile (0.58 g) as a pale red crystal.

The compounds shown in Pr 27-1 through Pr 27-2 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 27.

TABLE 33 Pr Structure MS 27

144 27-1

192 27-2

144

Preparation Example 28

A solution of 1,3-benzothiazole-6-carboxamide (1.96 g) in POCl₃ (10 ml) was refluxed for 4 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated, and water was slowly added thereto at 0° C. It was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=80:20 to 60:40) to obtain 1,3-benzothiazole-6-carbonitrile as a pale yellow solid.

The following Pr 28-1 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 28.

TABLE 34 Pr Structure MS 28

183 28-1

143

Preparation Example 29

To a solution of 6-bromo[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (400 mg) in DMF were added tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), 1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, and Zn(CN)₂ under a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by stirring at 110° C. for 23 hours. It was cooled to room temperature, and saturated NH₄Cl (12 ml), a saturated NH₃ solution (6 ml), and H₂O (12 ml) were added thereto. The reaction mixture was extracted three times with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 5% CH₃OH/chloroform)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile as a dark red solid.

Preparation Example 30

In a 100 ml reaction vessel, to a solution of 6-bromo-7-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (500 mg) in DMF were added Zu(CN)₂ (834 mg) and Pd (PPh)₄ (547 mg) at room temperature, followed by stirring at 150° C. for 5 hours. The reaction solution was poured into a 1:1 mixed solvent of a saturated NaHCO₃ solution and EtOAc, followed by stirring for 1 hour. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic purifier, chloroform:CH₃OH=98:2 to 90:10) to obtain 7-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carbonitrile (161.8 mg) as a brown solid.

The following Pr 30-1 through Pr 30-7 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 30. They were also prepared by the method as in Preparation Example 29.

TABLE 35 Pr Structure Data 29

NMR: 7.98 (1H, d), 8.04 (1H, d), 8.74 (1H, s), 9.90- 9.87(1H, m) 30

MS: 158 30-1

NMR: 7.67 (1H, dd), 8.25 (1H, ddd), 8.34(1H, dd), 10.17(1H, s) 30-2

MS: 158 30-3

MS: 144 30-4

MS: 176 30-5

NMR: 10.17 (1H, s), 8.34 (1H, dd), 8.25 (1H, ddd), 7.67(1H, dd) 30-6

NMR: 7.95(1H, dd), 8.19 (1H, dd), 8.23(1H, dd) 30-7

MS: 157

Preparation Example 31

To a mixed solution of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzonitrile (1 g) and NH₄Cl (163 mg) in ethanol (20 ml), THF (10 ml), and water (10 ml) were added Celite (5 g) and reduced iron (1.7 g), followed by heating under reflux at 70° C. for 30 min. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc (200 ml), and then filtered through celite. The solution was washed with saturated brine, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (740 mg) as a pale brown solid.

The following Pr 31-1 through Pr 31-3 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 31.

TABLE 36 Pr Structure MS 31

133 31-1

157 31-2

 225, 227 31-3

170

Preparation Example 32

To a mixed solution of 4-amino-3-nitrobenzonitrile (8 g) in EtOH/THF (40 ml/40 ml) was added Pd-C(50% wet) (0.8 g), followed by stirring under an H₂ atmosphere for 12 hours. The reaction solution was filtered through celite, and concentrated. The residue was powdered/washed with a mixed solvent of IPE and IPA, and collected by filtration to obtain 3,4-diaminobenzonitrile (6.3 g) as orange powders.

TABLE 37 Pr Structure MS 32

156

Preparation Example 33

To a solution of 2-amino-3-nitrobenzonitrile (2 g) in THF (30 ml) were added 4-pentenoyl chloride (2.90 g) and diisopropylethylamine (4.27 ml), followed by stirring at 80° C. for 12 hours. The reaction solution was poured into water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH) to obtain N-(4-cyano-2-nitrophenyl)pent-4-enamide (174 mg) as a colorless liquid.

The following Pr 33-1 through Pr 33-2 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 33.

TABLE 38 Pr Structure MS 33

244 33-1

290 33-2

264

Preparation Example 34

To a solution of 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile (300 mg) and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanol (263 mg) in THF (15 ml) was added 60% NaH (92.5 mg) at 5° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, addition of a saturated NH₄Cl solution to complete the reaction, and extraction with EtOAc. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=97:3 to 85:15) to obtain 3-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzonitrile (435 mg) as a colorless oily substance.

The following Pr 34-1 through Pr 34-6 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 34.

TABLE 39 Pr Structure Data 34

NMR below 34-1

NMR below 34-2

MS: 252 34-3

MS: 268 34-4

NMR below 34-5

MS: 316, 318 34-6

MS: 242

TABLE 40 Pr NMR 34 1.48(3H, d), 5.53(1H, m), 7.57(1H, d), 7.87(1H, dd), 8.09(1H, d) 34-1 1.47(3H, d), 5.50(1H, m), 7.59(1H, t), 7.74(1H, dm), 7.95(1H, dd) 34-4 1.47(3H, d), 5.48(1H, m), 7.46(1H, d), 7.90(1H, dd), 8.08(1H, d)

Preparation Example 35

In a 50 ml reaction vessel, to a solution of 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (100 mg) in DMF (1 ml) was added 60% NaH (10.9 mg) at 0° C. The solution was warmed to room temperature, followed by stirring for 0.5 hour. Further, tertiary-butyl (2-iodoethoxy)dimethylsilane was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 15 hours. Completion of the reaction was confirmed by LC-MS, and then the reaction solution was added with water (30 ml). It was extracted three times with EtOAc (20 ml). The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic purifier, n-hexane:EtOAc=100:0 to 90:10) to obtain 1-(2-{[tertiary-butyl (dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (86.4 mg) as a white solid.

TABLE 41 Pr Structure MS 35

622

Preparation Example 36

LiH (78 mg) was suspended in DMF (5 ml), and a suspension of methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-4-carboxylate (500 mg) in DMF (5 ml) was added dropwise thereto at room temperature. The suspension was stirred as it was, and a solution of 1-iodo-2-methylpropane (506 μl) in DMF (5 ml) was added dropwise thereto over 10 min, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 15 hours. To the reaction solution was added 1M HCl at 0° C., followed by extraction with EtOAc, and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=90:10 to 50:50) to obtain methyl-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-4-carboxylate (440 mg) as white powders.

TABLE 42 Pr Structure MS 36

210

Preparation Example 37

To a solution of 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzonitrile (300 mg) and dimethyl malonate (286 mg) in DMF was added 60% NaH at 0° C., followed by reaction at room temperature to obtain dimethyl (4-cyano-2-nitrophenyl)malonate (198 mg).

TABLE 43 Pr Structure MS 37

301

Preparation Example 38

To a solution of dimethyl (4-cyano-2-nitrophenyl) malonate (198 mg) in DMSO (5 ml) were added LiCl (60.3 mg) and H₂O (12 μl), followed by stirring at 100° C. for 3 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and poured into EtOAc and saturated brine for partition. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=90:10 to 75:25) to obtain methyl (4-cyano-2-nitrophenyl)acetate (128 mg) as a yellow oil.

TABLE 44 Pr Structure MS 38

219

Preparation Example 39

To a solution of 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (1 g) and iron(3+) tris[(2Z)-4-oxopent-2-ene-2-oleate] (86 mg), and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (2.8 ml) in THF (30 ml) was added a solution of 2M bromo(isobutyl)magnesium in diethyl ether (2.9 ml) under ice-cooling. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and diluted with diethyl ether (30 ml), and then 1M HCl was carefully added thereto to complete the reaction. The reaction solution was extracted with EtOAc (100 ml), and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=100:0 to 95:5) to obtain 4-isobutyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (320 mg) as a pale yellow liquid.

The following Pr 39-1 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 39.

TABLE 45 Pr Structure Data 39

NMR: 0.89 (6H, d), 1.91-2.03 (1H, m), 2.70 (2H, dm), 7.70 (1H, d), 8.09 (1H, dd), 8.21 (1H, d) 39-1

MS: 262

Preparation Example 40

To a solution of 4-fluoro-3-formylbenzonitrile (300 mg) in dichloromethane (7 ml) was added 2-methoxy-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-(trifluoro-X⁴-sulfanyl)ethanamine (757 mg) at room temperature, followed by stirring for 6 hours, and addition of a saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (15 ml). After extraction with chloroform (30 ml), the organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=95:5 to 80:20) to obtain 3-(difluoromethyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile (174 mg) as a colorless liquid.

The following Pr 40-1 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 40.

TABLE 46 Pr Structure Data 40

NMR: 7.25 (1H, t), 7.66 (1H, dd), 8.14- 8.20 (1H, m), 8.22 (1H, dm) 40-1

MS: 321

Preparation Example 41

The following Pr 41-1 through Pr 41-10 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2.

TABLE 47 Pr Structure MS 41-1

427 41-2

393 41-3

373 41-4

585 41-5

349 41-6

437 41-7

362 41-8

551 41-9

405 41-10

410

Preparation Example 42

The following Pr 42-1 through Pr 42-3 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

TABLE 48 Pr Structure Data 42-1

NMR: 1.67 (6H, s), 7.71 (1H, d), 8.12 (1H, dd), 8.26 (1H, d) 42-2

MS: 282 42-3

NMR: 1.67 (6H, s), 7.71 (1H, d), 8.12 (1H, dd), 8.26 (1H, d) MS: 288

Preparation Example 43

The following Pr 43 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6.

TABLE 49 Pr Structure MS 43

627

Preparation Example 44

The following Pr 44-1 and Pr 44-2 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 12.

TABLE 50 Pr Structure MS 44-1

536 44-2

222

Preparation Example 45

The following Pr 45 was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 47.

TABLE 51 Pr Structure NMR 45

1.47 (3H, d), 5.49- 5.60 (1H, m), 7.09 (1H, t), 7.50 (1H, d), 8.07-8.13 (2H, m)

Preparation Example 46

The following Pr 46-1 through Pr 46-5 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 19.

TABLE 52 Ex Structure MS 46-1

625 46-2

661 46-3

657 46-4

751 46-5

380

Preparation Example 47

To a solution of ethyl (7-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)acetate (230 mg) in THF (2.0 ml) was added a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (1.0 ml), followed by stirring at 80° C. for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, a 1 M HCl aqueous solution (1.0 ml) was added thereto, followed by extraction with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=10:1 to 5:1) to obtain colorless powders. To a solution of this colorless powder in EtOAc was added a 4M HCl/EtOAc solution, followed by concentration. The resulting colorless powder was powdered/washed with IPE to obtain (7-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)acetic acid hydrochloride (180.4 mg) as colorless powders.

The following Pr 47-1 through Pr 47-13 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 47.

TABLE 53 Pr Structure 47

47-1

47-2

47-3

47-4

47-5

47-6

47-7

47-8

47-9

47-10

47-11

47-12

47-13

TABLE 54 Pr MS Pr MS Pr MS Pr MS 47 501 47-1 515 47-2 501 47-3 499 47-4 522 47-5 514 47-6 499 47-7 530 47-8 500 47-9 468 47-10 504 47-11 555 47-12 498 47-13 585

Example 1

A solution of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzoic acid (810 mg), EDCl/HCl (616 mg), and N′-hydroxy-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxamide (510 mg) in dioxane was stirred at 115° C. for 60 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated, and the residue was partitioned between water and chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH₃OH/chloroform=0 to 5%), and recrystallized with EtOH to obtain 7-methyl-6-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (60 mg) as a white solid.

Example 2

To a solution of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzoic acid (349 mg) in dichloromethane (6 ml) were added oxalyl chloride (333 mg) and a catalytic amount of DMF under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction solution was concentrated, and azeotroped with toluene. To a solution of the residue in THF were added N′-hydroxy-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxyimidamide (200 mg) and N-ethyl-N-isopropyl-2-propaneamine (543 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction solution was added water, followed by three times extractions with EtOAc. The organic layer was combined, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in dioxane, followed by stirring at 100° C. for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, it was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain a colorless oily substance. To a solution of this oily substance in EtOAc was added a 4M HCl/EtOAc solution, followed by stirring for a few minutes, and then the reaction mixture was concentrated to obtain 2-methyl-5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole hydrochloride (239 mg) as a colorless crystal.

Example 3

To a solution of 4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1,1-dimethylethoxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (118 mg) and 2-{4-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1H-indol-1-yl}acetamide (104 mg) in dioxane (5 ml) was added DIC (69 μl), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, and then heating under reflux for 20 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated, and then to the residue was added water (15 ml), followed by extraction with chloroform (15 ml). The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (column: CAPCEL PAK, C18, MG, S-5, 30×50 mm; solvent: 50-90% acetonitrile/10 mM ammonium carbonate-ammonia (pH 9.2); 40 ml/min), and crystallized with diisopropyl ether to obtain 2-(4{5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1,1-dimethylethoxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide (40 mg) as a white solid.

Example 4

To a suspension of 60% NaH (68.0 mg) in DMF was added cyclopropylmethanol (99 mg) at 0° C., followed by stirring at the same temperature for 15 min, and then 5-{5-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole (120 mg) was added thereto. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and then added with water. It was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH₃OH/chloroform=0 to 5%) to obtain an oily substance. A solution of the oily substance in chloroform-CH₃OH was added with a 4M HCl/dioxane solution (0.5 ml), and concentrated to obtain 5-{5-[4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole hydrochloride (20 mg) as a white solid.

HPLC analysis: Condition (TSK-GEL (TOSOH) ODS-80TM 4.6×150 mm, MeCN: 0.01M KH₂PO₄ (7:3), 1.0 ml/min, 254 nm)[RT: 7.90 min]

Example 5

To a solution of 2-(4-{5-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide (100 mg) and 2-propanol (35 μl) in DMF (3 ml) was added 60% NaH (12 mg) at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 9 hours. The reaction solution was added with water (5 ml) to complete the reaction, and extracted with as a mixed solvent of chloroform:CH₃OH (8:2). The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=98:2 to 93:7), and crystallized with diethyl ether to obtain 2-(4-{5-[4-isopropoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide (25 mg) as a pale yellow solid.

Example 6

To a solution of 1,3-difluoropropanol (62 mg) in DMF (2.4 ml) was added 60% NaH (19 mg) at −10° C., followed by stirring at −10° C. for 0.5 hour. To this reaction mixture was added 2-{4-[5-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1H-indol-1-yl}acetamide (120 mg) at −10° C., followed by stirring at −10° C. for 3 hours. After adding water to the reaction solution, the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 95:5) to obtain 2-[4-(5-{3-chloro-4-[2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethoxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide (76.9 mg) as a white solid.

Example 7

To a solution of 2-{4-[5-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1H-indol-1-yl}acetamide (100 mg) and (2R)-1,1,1-trifluoropropane-2-ol (109 mg) in DMF (3 ml) was added 60% NaH (17 mg) at 0° C., followed by stirring at 80° C. for 4 hours. The reaction solution was added with water (15 ml) to complete the reaction, filtered, and then dried. The obtained powder was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 95:5), and crystallized with diisopropyl ether to obtain 2-[4-(5-{3-methyl-4-[(1R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide (70 mg) as a pale yellow solid.

Example 8

To a suspension of 60% NaH (43 mg) in DMF (4 ml) was added 2-propanol (65 mg) at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 20 min. After cooling to 0° C. again, 2-{4-[5-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1H-indol-1-yl-acetamide (200 mg) was added thereto. The reaction mixture was radiated with a microwave at 60° C. for 50 min. The reaction solution was added to an aqueous NH₄Cl solution, followed by stirring, and then the solvent was evaporated. After adding a mixed solvent (4:1) of chloroform-CH₃OH, and suspending, the solid was removed, silica gel was added thereto, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 98:2; n-hexane:EtOAc=0:100) to obtain 2-{4-[5-(3-chloro-4-isopropylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1H-indol-1-yl}acetamide (17.5 mg) as a white solid.

Example 9

To a solution of 4-{5-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (300 mg) in THF (1.5 ml) was added, propane-2-amine (0.75 ml), and after sealing the tube, the solution was stirred at 50 to 55° C. for 40 hours. It was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc). The obtained solid was dissolved in acetone under heating, and added with n-hexane, and the precipitate was filtered to obtain 4-[3-(1H-indol-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-N-isopropyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (295 mg).

Example 10

To a mixed solution of 2-{4-[5-(5,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1H-indol-1-yl}acetamide (100 mg) in dioxane (2 ml) and NMP (2 ml) was added isopropylamine (2200, followed by stirring at 150° C. for 1 hour in a microwave reaction vessel. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=40:60 to 0:100), and the obtained residue was suspended in diisopropyl ether under heating, and collected by filtration to obtain 2-(4-{5-[5-chloro-6-(isopropylamino)pyridin-3-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide (62 mg) as white powders.

Example 11 (11-1 and 11-2)

To a solution of 5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole (105 mg) in DMF (3.15 ml) was added 60% NaH (31 mg) under ice-cooling, followed by stirring at the same temperature for 15 min, and methyl iodide (0.22 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. To the reaction was added water, followed by extraction with EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic producer, chloroform:CH₃OH=10:1). The objective substance was dissolved in EtOAc (5 ml), added with a 4M HCl/EtOAc solution (5 ml), and concentrated to produce about 1:1 two regioisomers. The mixture was crystallized with acetonitrile to obtain 1-methyl-5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole hydrochloride (12.1 mg). The mother liquor was concentrated to obtain 1-methyl-5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole hydrochloride and 1-methyl-6-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole hydrochloride (70.2 mg) as colorless powders.

Example 12

To a solution 4-(5-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indole (150 mg) in DMF (1.5 ml) was added 60% NaH (16 mg) at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 0.5 hour. Then, to the reaction mixture was added 2-bromoacetamide (70 mg) again at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction was added with water, followed by extraction with EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 90:10) to obtain 2-[4-(5-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl}-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide (145 mg) as a white solid.

Example 13

To a solution of 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)indoline (100 mg) in acetonitrile (2.5 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (46 mg) and 3-iodopropanamide (124 mg) at room temperature, followed by stirring at 80° C. for 15 hours. To the reaction solution was added an NaHCO₃ aqueous saturated solution, followed by extraction with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 90:10) to obtain 3-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl)propanamide (23.6 mg) as a white solid.

Example 14

To a solution of 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole-3-carboaldehyde (150.0 mg) in CH₃OH (1.5 ml) was added a 40% CH₃OH solution of CH₃NH₂ (74.5 mg) at 0° C. After warming to room temperature, the solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. After confirming the production of an iminium salt, the organic solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOH (1.5 ml). To this was added NaBH₄ (12.09 mg) at 0° C. After warming to room temperature, the solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. To the reaction solution was added water (30 ml), followed by extraction three times with EtOAc (20 ml). The organic layer was combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic purifier, chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 90:10) to obtain N-methyl-1-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-3-yl)methanamine (87.4 mg) as a white solid.

Example 15

To a solution of 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}indoline (100 mg) in DMF (1.0 ml) was added 60% NaH (10.9 mg) at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 0.5 hour. Acetyl chloride (24.1 μl) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction solution was added water (30 ml), followed by extraction three times with EtOAc (20 ml). The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic purifier, n-hexane:EtOAc=90:10 to 60:40) to obtain 1-acetyl-4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}indoline (56.8 mg) as a white crystal.

Example 16

To a solution of 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (80 mg) in DMF (0.80 ml) was added 60% NaH (8.7 mg) at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 0.5 hour. Methanesulfonyl chloride (21.1 μl) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction solution was added water (30 ml), followed by extraction three times with EtOAc (20 ml). The organic layer was combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic purifier, chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 98:2) to obtain 1-(methylsulfonyl)-4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (15.6 mg) as a white solid.

Example 17

4-{5-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (100 mg) was dissolved in DMF (1.0 ml), followed by addition of 60% NaH (10.9 mg) at 0° C., and stirring at room temperature for 0.5 hour. Methyl chloride carbonate (26.3 μl) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction solution was added water (30 ml), followed by extraction three times with EtOAc (20 ml), the organic layer was combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic purifier, chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 98:2) to obtain methyl 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (98.6 mg) as a white solid.

Example 18

To a solution of 3-(5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)propanoic acid (23.5 mg) in dichloromethane (0.7 ml) were added oxalyl chloride (0.01 ml) and a few drops of DMF, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated to remove the solvent and the reagent. To a solution of the residue in THF was added NH₄OH, followed by further stirring for 1 hour. To the reaction solution was added a saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution, followed by extraction with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=10:1) to obtain colorless powders. To a solution of the colorless powders in EtOAc was added a solution of 4N-HCl in EtOAc. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was powdered and washed with IPE to obtain 3-(5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)propanamide hydrochloride as pale yellow powders.

Example 19

To a solution of (4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-1-yl)acetic acid (150 mg) a HOBt(65 mg) in DMF (1.5 ml) was added EDCl/HCl (69 mg) at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. After cooling to 0° C. again, 1-pyridin-2-ylmethanamine (39 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 15 hours. To the reaction solution was added a saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution to complete the reaction. It was extracted with EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 95:5) to obtain N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-l-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide (157.8 mg) as a white solid. To a solution of N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide (120 mg) in methylene chloride (2.4 ml) was added dropwise 10 equivalents of 4M HCl/dioxane, followed by stirring for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and powdered/washed with IPE. The obtained solid was collected by filtration, and dried to obtain N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide hydrochloride (126 mg) as a white solid.

Example 20

To a solution of [4-(5-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetic acid (100 mg) in DMF (1 ml) was added CDI (39 mg), and after 30 min, methanesulfonamide (23 mg) and 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimide[1,2-a]azepine (37 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was added with water to complete the reaction. It was extracted with EtOAc, the obtained organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 90:10) to obtain N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-[4-(5-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide (56.4 mg) as a white solid.

Example 21

POCl₃ (158.4 μl) was added dropwise to a DMF solution (4 ml) at 0° C. After warming to room temperature, it was stirred for 0.5 hour. Then, a solution of 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (500.0 mg) in DMF (1 ml) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 15 hours. After cooling to 0° C., to the reaction solution was added a 1M aqueous NaOH solution for adjustment of its pH to 9 to 10. This solution was stirred at 100° C. for 1 hour. After being left to be cooled, to the reaction solution was added water (30 ml), followed by extraction three times with EtOAc (20 ml). The organic layer was combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic purifier, n-hexane, EtOAc=90:10 to 70:30) to obtain 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole-3-carboaldehyde (456.7 mg) as a white solid.

Example 22

To a mixed solution of 5-[3-(1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzaldehyde (83 mg), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (421 mg), and 2-methyl-2-butene (0.5 ml) in tBuOH (2 ml) and water (0.5 ml) was added sodium chlorite (187 mg) at room temperature. The mixed reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, followed by dilution with water (10 ml), and extraction with EtOAc (20 ml). The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. To a solution of the residue in dioxane was added a 4 N HCl-dioxane solution, followed by concentration. The resulting powder was recrystallized with IPA (10 ml) to obtain 5-[3-(1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzoic acid hydrochloride (80 mg) as white powders.

Example 23

To a solution of 2-[2-(methylthio)ethyl]-5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole (400 mg) in dichloromethane (8.0 ml) was added mCPBA (534 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a Na₂S₂O₄ aqueous solution, followed by stirring for 1 hour. The reaction solution was extracted three times with EtOAc, and the organic layer was combined, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and then concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=10:1) to obtain a yellow oily substance. This was dissolved in EtOAc, and a 4M-HCl/EtOAc solution was added thereto, followed by concentration. The residue was washed with IPE to obtain 2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole hydrochloride (146 mg) as pale yellow powders.

Example 24

To a reaction mixture of 2-but-3-en-1-yl-5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole (200 mg) in acetone (4 ml) and water (1 ml) were added tetraoxoosmium (51 mg) and 4-methylmorpholine 4-oxide (94 mg), followed by stirring overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered, and to the filtrate was added an aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution, followed by stirring for 1 hour. The solution was extracted with chloroform, and the organic layer was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform-CH₃OH), and concentrated, and the obtained colorless powder was added with a solution of HCl in ethanol, and dissolved therein, followed by concentration. The residue was powdered/washed with diisopropyl ether to obtain 4-(5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)butane-1,2-diol hydrochloride (102.3 mg).

Example 25

To a solution of 3-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl)propanamide (100 mg) in chloroform (1 ml) was added manganese dioxide (67.6 mg), followed by reflux for 15 hours. The reaction solution was left to be cooled to room temperature, and filtered through Celite to remove manganese dioxide. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 90:10) to obtain 3-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indol-1-yl) propanamide (46.3 mg).

Example 26

To a solution 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (100 mg) in AcOH (3 ml) was added portionwise sodium cyanoboroate (29 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, alkalified with a 1M aqueous NaOH solution, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=90:10 to 75:25), and washed with n-hexane to obtain 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}indoline (90 mg) as a pale yellow solid.

Example 27

To a solution of 5-[3-(1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)benzaldehyde (80 mg) in ethanol (3 ml) was added NaBH₄ (9 mg) at 0° C. After stirring at room temperature for 0.5 hour, a saturated NH₄Cl solution (10 ml) was added thereto, followed by extraction with EtOAc (20 ml). The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. To a solution of the residue (78 mg) in dioxane was added a 4M HCl/dioxane solution, followed by concentration. The resulting powder was recrystallized with IPA (10 ml) to obtain [5-[3-(1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]methanol hydrochloride (70 mg) as white powders.

Example 28

A solution of 5-methyl-6-{5-[3-trifluoro)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (120 mg) and NCS in THF/EtOH (1/1) was stirred at 80° C. for overnight. It was concentrated, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH₃OH/chloroform 0 to 5%) to obtain 3-chloro-5-methyl-6-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (45 mg) as a pale yellow solid.

Example 29

To a solution of 5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (150 mg) in ethanol was added NCS (67 mg) at room temperature, followed by stirring at 80° C. for 15 hours. To the reaction solution was added water, followed by extraction with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc=90:10 to 75:25) to obtain 3-chloro-5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (110.4 mg) as a white solid. To a solution of 3-chloro-5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (100 mg) in methylene chloride (2 ml) was added dropwise 10 equivalents of 4M HCl/dioxane at room temperature. After stirring at room temperature as it was for 1 hour, it was concentrated under reduced pressure. It was powdered/washed with diisopropyl ether, and then collected by filtration to obtain 3-chloro-5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine hydrochloride (102.6 mg) as a white solid.

Example 30

1-(2-{[Tertiary-butyldimethylsilyl]oxy}ethyl)-4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-indole (60 mg) was dissolved in THF (1.2 ml), and TBAF (150 μl) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 3.0 hours. To the reaction solution was added water (30 ml), followed by extraction three times with EtOAc (20 ml). The organic layer was combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (automatic purifier, chloroform:CH₃OH=100:0 to 90:10) to obtain 2-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl/1H-indol-1-yl)ethanol (36.5 mg) as a white solid.

Example 31

To a solution of tertiary-butyl 4-{[4-(5-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetyl}piperazine-1-carboxylate (70.7 mg) in methylene chloride (1 ml) was added dropwise 10 equivalents of 4M HCl/dioxane, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. After 5 hours, the reaction solution was concentrated. With addition of diisopropyl ether, a white solid was precipitated. The white solid was washed with IPE to obtain 1-(2-oxo-2-piperazin-1-ylethyl)-4-(5-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indole hydrochloride (58.9 mg) as a pale red solid.

In following tables, the structural formulae of the Example compounds are shown. Ex: Example No.

TABLE 55 Ex Structure  1

 2

 3

 4

 5

 6

 7

 8

 9

10

11/1

11/2

12

13

14

15

TABLE 56 Ex Structure 16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

TABLE 57 Ex Structure 28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

TABLE 58 Ex Structure 42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

TABLE 59 Ex Structure 56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

TABLE 60 Ex Structure 72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

TABLE 61 Ex Structure 88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

TABLE 62 Ex Structure 104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

TABLE 63 Ex Structure 118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

TABLE 64 Ex Structure 134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

TABLE 65 Ex Structure 148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

TABLE 66 Ex Structure 162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

TABLE 67 Ex Structure 176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

TABLE 68 Ex Structure 190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

In following tables, the NMR data of the compounds of Examples are shown. Tetramethylsilane is used as an internal standard, and unless otherwise specifically mentioned, δ (ppm) of the signals in ¹H-NMR using DMSO-d₆ as a measurement solvent is shown. Ref-Ex represents Example No. (Ex), which can be referred to for the preparation.

TABLE 69 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex  1 1.52(3H, d), 2.65(3H, s), 5.73(1H, m), 7.60(1H, m), 7.62(1H, 457 d), 7.82(1H, d), 8.11(1H, s), 8.40(1H, d), 8.49(1H, dd), 9.39 (1H, s)  2 1.53(3H, d), 2.83(3H, s), 3.42(2H, br), 5.75(1H, m), 7.82(1H, 457 d), 7.95(1H, d), 8.21(1H, dd), 8.38-8.43(2H, m), 8.52(1H, dd)  3 1.72(6H, s), 4.92(2H, s), 7.08(1H, dd), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.35(1H, 535 dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.63(1H, brs), 7.64(1H, dm), 7.83(1H, d), 7.97(1H, dd), 8.41-8.46(2H, m)  4 0.37-0.44(2H, m), 0.58-0.64(2H, m), 1.23-1.35(1H, m), 4.17 401 (2H, d), 7.54(1H, d), 7.92(1H, d), 8.14(1H, dd), 8.35(1H, d), 8.41-8.47(2H, m), 9.07(1H, s)  5 1.36(6H, d), 4.91(2H, s), 4.95-5.03(1H, m), 7.08(1H, dm) 467 7.28(1H, brs), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.58-7.65(3H, m), 7.96(1H, dm), 8.36(1H, d), 8.45(1H, dd)  6 4.64-4.93(4H, m), 4.91(2H, s), 5.20-5.38(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 469 7.28(1H, bs), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.57-7.64(3H, m), 7.95(1H, d), 8.18(1H, dd), 8.28(1H, d)  7 1.50(3H, d), 2.30(3H, s), 4.91(2H, s), 5.42-5.52(1H, m), 7.09 467 (1H, dd), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.45(1H, d), 7.54(1H, d), 7.60-7.65(2H, m), 7.95(1H, dd), 8.06-8.12(2H, m)  8 1.46(6H, d), 4.70-4.76(1H, m), 4.90(2H, s), 5.27(1H, bs), 433 5.36(1H, bs), 7.08(1H, d), 7.28(1H, d), 7.41-7.45(3H, m), 8.10-8.13(2H, m), 8.30(1H, d)  9 1.26(6H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 3.88-3.98(1H, m), 5.56(1H, d, J = 409, 7.9 Hz), 7.08(1H, brs), 7.13(1H, d, J = 9.6 Hz), 7.29(1H, t, J = 387 7.8 Hz), 7.56(1H, t, J = 2.7 Hz), 7.66(1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.91(1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 8.18-8.21(2H, m), 11.51(1H, brs) 10 1.25(6H, d), 4.39-4.47(1H, m), 4.90(2H, s), 7.07-7.12(2H, m), 433 7.28(1H, br), 7.33(1H, dd), 7.53(1H, d), 7.61-7.63(2H, m), 7.93(1H, d), 8.26(1H, d), 8.84(1H, d) 11/1 (CDCl₃)1.62(3H, d), 3.92(3H, s), 4.91(1H, m), 7.21(1H, d), 457 7.52(1H, d), 7.98(1H, d), 8.16(1H, dd), 8.40(1H, dd), 8.52 (1H, d), 8.64(1H, s) 11/2 (CDCl₃)1.63(3H, d), 3.99(3H, s), 4.93(1H, m), 7.23(1H, dd), Not 7.93(1H, d), 8.06(1H, d), 8.16(1H, d), 8.28(1H, d), 8.41(1H, d), found 8.54(1H, d)

TABLE 70 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 12 1.53(3H, d), 4.92(2H, s), 5.65-5.79(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 7.28 521 (1H, bs), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.62(1H, bs), 7.64(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.97(1H, d), 8.42(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd) [α]^(D) ₂₃ = +11.20(c = 0.0025 CH₃OH) 13 1.52(3H, d), 2.36(2H, t), 3.27(2H, t), 3.37(2H, t), 3.46(2H, t), 515 5.64-5.78(1H, m), 6.71(1H, d), 6.86(1H, bs), 7.21(1H, dd), 7.33(1H, d), 7.41(1H, bs), 7.79(1H, d), 8.35(1H, d), 8.46(1H, dd) 14 1.52(3H, d), 2.09(3H, s), 3.77(2H, s), 5.65-5.78(1H, m), 7.23 485 (1H, dd), 7.42(1H, d), 7.45(1H, d), 7.62(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 8.40(1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd), 11.32(1H, s) 15 1.52(3H, d), 2.20(3H, s), 3.50(2H, t), 4.21(2H, t), 5.68-5.77 486 (1H, m), 7.40(1H, t), 7.78(1H, d), 7.80(1H, d), 8.29(1H, d), 8.37 (1H, d), 8.48(1H, dd) 16 (CDCl₃)1.63(3H, d), 3.17(3H, s), 4.89-4.94(1H, m), 7.23(1H, d), 542 7.54(1H, dd), 7.58(1H, d), 7.63(1H, d), 8.13(1H, d), 8.23(1H, d), 8.41(1H, dd), 8.53(1H, d) 17 1.53(3H, d), 4.05(3H, s), 5.70-5.78(1H, m), 7.38(1H, d), 7.58 Not (1H, dd), 7.81(1H, d), 7.95(1H, d), 8.12(1H, d), 8.39(1H, d), found 8.41(1H, s), 8.53(1H, dd) 18 1.52(3H, d), 2.81(2H, t), 3.27(2H, t), 3.49(2H, br), 5.74(1H, m), 514 7.01(1H, s), 7.56(1H, s), 7.82(1H, d), 7.92(1H, d), 8.17(1H, d), 8.39(2H, d), 8.51(1H, dd) 19 1.53(3H, d), 4.61(2H, d), 5.14(2H, s), 5.67-5.78(1H, m), 590 7.11(1H, d), 7.36(1H, dd), 7.61(1H, d), 7.65-7.76(3H, m), 7.82 (1H, d), 7.97(1H, d), 8.27(1H, dd), 8.41(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd), 8.73(1H, d), 9.04(1H, t) 20 1.53(3H, d), 3.05(3H, s), 4.97(2H, s), 5.66-5.78(1H, m), 7.08 599 (1H, d), 7.33(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.65(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.96(1H, d), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd), 12.31(1H, bs) 21 1.52(3H, d), 5.65-5.78(1H, m), 7.43(1H, dd), 7.63(1H, d), 470 7.78(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 8.34(1H, d), 8.38(1H, s), 8.47(1H, dd), 10.06(1H, s), 12.57(1H, bs) 22 1.50(3H, d), 5.55(1H, m), 7.64(1H, d), 7.98(1H, d), 8.20(1H, 419 dd), 8.35(1H, dd), 8.46-8.50(2H, m), 9.29(1H, s), 13.31(1H, brs)

TABLE 71 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 23 1.53(3H, d), 3.14(3H, s), 3.60(2H, t), 3.83(2H, d), 5.74(1H, m), 549 7.82(1H, d), 7.93(1H, d), 8.16(1H, d), 8.38-8.44(2H, m), 8.52 (1H, dd) 24 1.52(3H, d), 1.84-1.89(1H, m), 2.12-2.16(1H, m), 3.20-3.60 531 (6H, m), 5.72-5.76(1H, m), 7.82(1H, d), 7.95(1H, d), 8.21(1H, dd), 8.40(2H, s), 8.52(1H, dd) 25 1.52(3H, d), 2.61(2H, t), 4.49(2H, t), 5.68-5.78(1H, m), 6.91 535 (1H, bs), 7.06(1H, d), 7.36(1H, dd), 7.37(1H, bs), 7.55(1H, d), 7.78-7.83(2H, m), 7.96(1H, d), 8.41(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd) 26 1.52(3H, d), 3.30(2H, t), 3.53(2H, t), 5.71(1H, m), 5.83(1H, brs), 444 6.69(1H, d), 7.12(1H, t), 7.29(1H, d), 7.79(1H, d), 8.35(1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd) 27 1.49(3H, d), 4.57(1H, d), 4.62(1H, d), 5.50(1H, m), 7.47(1H, d), 405 7.98(1H, d), 8.13(1H, dd), 8.20(1H, dd), 8.31(1H, m), 8.47 (1H, m), 9.29(1H, s) 28 1.52(3H, d), 3.19(3H, s), 5.71(1H, m), 7.47(1H, d), 7.61(1H, d), 491 7.66(1H, d), 7.75(1H, s), 7.79(1H, s), 8.37(1H, d), 8.50(1H, dd) 29 1.52(3H, d), 5.69-5.82(1H, m), 7.49(1H, d), 7.56(1H, dd), 477 7.83(1H, d), 7.92(1H, s), 8.00(1H, d), 8.38(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 30 1.53(3H, d), 3.76(2H, t), 4.32(2H, t), 4.93(1H, s), 5.65- 508 5.76(1H, m), 7.07(1H, d), 7.34(1H, t), 7.59(1H, d), 7.79(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.96(1H, dd), 8.42(1H, s), 8.52(1H, dd) 31 1.53(3H, d), 3.02-3.30(4H, m), 3.63-3.90(4H, m), 5.37(2H, s), 5.68- 568 5.80(1H, m), 7.11(1H, d), 7.33(1H, dd), 7.47(1H, d), 7.70(1H, d), 7.82(1H, d), 7.96(1H, d), 8.42(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd), 9.26(1H, bs) 32 1.52(3H, d), 5.73(1H, m), 7.13(1H, t), 7.72(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 443 1 8.11(1H, dd), 8.14(1H, d), 8.40(1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd), 8.82(1H, dd) 33 1.53(3H, d), 5.75(1H, m), 7.84(1H, d), 8.10(1H, d), 8.22(1H, d), 443 1 8.38(1H, dd), 8.41(1H, d), 8.50(1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd), 9.76(1H, s) 34 1.52(3H, d), 3.03(3H, s), 5.73(1H, m), 7.68(1H, d), 7.77(1H, d), 457 1 7.79(1H, s), 7.82(1H, s), 8.09(1H, s), 8.38(1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd)

TABLE 72 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 35 1.52(3H, d), 2.55(3H, s), 5.74(1H, m), 7.83(1H, d), 7.98(1H, 457 1 dd), 8.24(1H, s), 8.42(1H, d), 8.46(1H, s), 8.54(1H, dd), 9.00 (1H, d) 36 2.81(3H, d), 2.37(3H, s), 2.47(3H, s), 5.73(1H, m), 7.47(1H, 470 1 dd), 7.80(1H, d), 8.15(1H, s), 8.37(1H, d), 8.38(1H, d), 8.50 (1H, dd) 37 1.53(3H, d), 2.92(3H, s), 3.46(2H, br), 5.74(1H, m), 7.80(1H, 457 1 d), 7.82(1H, d), 8.14(1H, d), 8.38-8.40(1H, m), 8.51(1H, dd), 9.37(1H, br) 38 7.78(1H, d), 7.85(1H, t), 7.96(1H, dd), 8.34(1H, d), 8.38(1H, s), 349 1 8.50(1H, dd), 8.56-8.62(1H, m) 39 1.53(3H, d), 5.73(1H, m), 7.74(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 8.06(1H, 443 1 dd), 8.28(1H, d), 8.39(1H, d), 8.49(1H, dd), 8.61(1H, m), 13.42 (1H, brs) 40 1.57(3H, d), 2.27(2H, m), 3.00(2H, t), 4.22(2H, t), 4.85(1H, m), 480 1 7.02-7.19(4H, m), 8.48(1H, dd), 8.62(1H, d) 41 1.53(3H, d), 5.75(1H, m), 7.84(1H, d), 8.00(1H, dd), 8.26(1H, 443 2 dd), 8.42(1H, d), 8.48(1H, d), 8.54(1H, dd), 8.56(1H, m), 9.05 (1H, dd) 42 1.22(3H, t), 1.52(3H, d), 3.87(2H, s), 4.13(2H, q), 5.74(1H, m), 529 2 7.50(1H, dd), 7.82(1H, d), 8.06(1H, s), 8.21(1H, s), 8.40(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd), 8.72(1H, d) 43 1.53(3H, d), 2.70(3H, s), 5.75(1H, m), 7.85(1H, d), 8.07(1H, d), 457 2 8.14(1H, d), 8.43(1H, dd), 8.45(1H, d), 8.55(1H, dd), 9.27 (1H, d) 44 1.53(3H, d), 2.72(3H, s), 3.49(1H, brs), 5.76(1H, m), 7.74(1H, 457 2 d), 7.84(1H, d), 8.23(1H, brs), 8.25(1H, brs), 8.46(1H, s), 8.57 (1H, dd), 8.94(1H, d) 45 1.53(3H, d), 2.64(3H, s), 3.48(1H, brs), 5.76(1H, m), 7.84(1H, 457 2 d), 8.04(1H, dd), 8.15(1H, s), 8.42(1H, d), 8.55(1H, dd), 8.60 (1H, d), 8.92(1H, d) 46 1.53(3H, d), 1.91(3H, s), 2.64(3H, s), 5.75(1H, m), 7.84(1H, d), 470 2 8.06(1H, d), 8.38(1H, dd), 8.45(1H, d), 8.54(1H, d), 9.20(1H, s) 47 1.21(3H, t), 1.53(3H, d), 3.84(2H, s), 4.12(2H, q), 5.73(1H, m), 529 2 7.68(1H, d), 7.76-7.85(2H, m), 8.09(1H, s), 8.40(1H, m), 8.49 (1H, dd), 9.46(1H, s) 48 1.53(3H, d), 3.62(2H, brs), 5.74(1H, m), 7.82(1H, d), 8.02(1H, 443 2 d), 8.23(1H, dd), 8.40(1H, d), 8.49-8.54(2H, m), 9.45(1H, s)

TABLE 73 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 49 1.52(3H, d), 2.76(3H, s), 3.40(2H, brs), 5.74(1H, m), 7.82(1H, 457 2 d), 7.86(1H, d), 8.40(1H, d), 8.45(1H, s), 8.52(1H, dd), 9.37 (1H, s) 50 1.43(3H, t), 1.52(3H, d), 3.90(2H, br), 4.58(2H, q), 5.73(1H, m), 487 2 7.53(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.89(1H, dd), 8.03(1H, brs), 8.38 (1H, d), 8.49(1H, dd) 51 1.52(3H, d), 3.37(3H, br), 5.73(1H, m), 7.56(1H, d), 7.82(1H, 458 2 d), 7.99(1H, d), 8.07(1H, m), 8.37(1H, d), 8.49(1H, dd), 8.78 (2H, brs) 52 1.52(3H, d), 5.72(1H, m), 7.10(1H, d), 7.60(1H, d), 7.73(1H, 481 2 dd), 7.79(1H, d), 8.35(1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd), 10.89(2H, br) 53 1.53(3H, d), 5.60(1H, m), 7.69(1H, d), 8.01(1H, d), 8.23-8.17 409 2 (2H, m), 8.29(1H, d), 8.48(1H, m), 9.39(1H, s) 54 1.56(3H, d), 5.74(1H, m), 7.80(1H, d), 8.03(1H, d), 8.22(1H, 400 2 dd), 8.49(1H, m), 8.53(1H, dd), 8.64(1H, d), 9.46(1H, s) 55 1.58(3H, d), 5.71(1H, m), 7.85-7.71(2H, m), 7.96(1H, dd), 403 2 8.27-8.42(2H, m), 8.47-8-51(2H, m), 10.39(1H, s), 12.78(1H, d) 56 1.15(6H, s), 2.81(2H, s), 2.83(2H, s), 7.48(1H, d), 7.98-8.04 331 2 (3H, m), 8.21(1H, dd), 8.48(1H, m), 9.43(1H, s) 57 1.52(3H, d), 2.74(3H, s), 5.67-5.82(1H, m), 7.81(1H, d), 8.08 491 2 (1H, d), 8.26(1H, d), 8.38(1H, d), 8.50(1H, dd) 58 1.52(3H, d), 3.60(2H, s), 5.73(1H, m), 7.43(1H, d), 7.50(1H, 480 2 m), 7.72(1H, dd), 7.80(1H, d), 8.36(1H, m), 8.48(1H, dd), 10.59(1H, s) 59 1.53(3H, d), 5.73-5.83(1H, m), 7.87(1H, d), 8.05(1H, dd), 443 2 8.26(1H, d), 8.39(1H, d), 8.40(1H, d), 8.47(1H, d), 8.59(1H, dd), 9.00(1H, d) 60 1.53(3H, d), 5.75(1H, m), 7.05(1H, dd), 7.76(1H, dd), 7.83 443 2 (1H, d), 7.86(1H, d), 8.42(1H, d), 8.47(1H, d), 8.54(1H, dd), 12.20(1H, br) 61 1.54(3H, d), 5.70-5.82(1H, m), 7.74(1H, dd), 7.86(1H, d), 443 2 8.11(1H, d), 8.29(1H, d), 8.56(1H, d), 8.66(1H, dd), 9.53(1H, s) 62 1.52(3H, d), 5.67-5.77(1H, m), 6.65(1H, dd), 7.64(1H, dd), 443 2 7.82(1H, d), 8.40(1H, d), 8.50(1H, dd), 8.68(1H, d), 8.95(1H, d), 12.10(1H, s) 63 1.53(3H, d), 5.54(1H, m), 7.70(1H, t), 8.02(1H, d), 8.08(1H, 393 2 dm), 8.11(1H, dd), 8.21(1H, dd), 8.48(1H, m), 9.45(1H, s)

TABLE 74 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 64 1.53(3H, d), 5.60(1H, m), 7.65(1H, d), 7.99(1H, d), 8.20(1H, 453, 2 dd), 8.24(1H, dd), 8.42(1H, m), 8.48(1H, m), 9.35(1H, s) 455 65 1.53(3H, d), 5.74(1H, m), 7.82(1H, t), 7.83(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, 443 2 d), 8.22(1H, s), 8.31(1H, s), 8.40(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd), 13.42 (1H, s) 66 1.53(3H, d), 5.73(1H, m), 7.81(1H, d), 8.10(1H, d), 8.15(1H, 466 2 dd), 8.39(1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd), 8.66(1H, s), 16.07(1H, brs) 67 1.53(3H, d), 5.72(1H, m), 7.10(1H, d), 7.31(1H, t), 7.59(1H, d), 464 2 7.68(1H, d), 7.80(1H, d), 7.95(1H, d), 8.41(1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd), 11.5(1H, brs) 68 1.50(3H, d), 2.29(3H, s), 5.48(1H, m), 7.45(1H, d), 8.09-8.01 389 2 (3H, m), 8.24(1H, dd), 8.49(1H, m), 9.61(1H, s) 69 1.48(3H, d), 3.96(3H, s), 5.35(1H, m), 7.45(1H, d), 7.76(1H, d), 405 2 7.83(1H, dd), 8.03(1H, d), 8.24(1H, dd), 8.50(1H, m), 9.53 (1H, s) 70 1.53(3H, d), 5.70(1H, m), 6.62(1H, s), 7.48(1H, t), 7.57(1H, d), 464 2 7.80(1H, d), 7.83(1H, dd), 8.36-8.39(2H, m), 8.49(1H, dd), 11.47(1H, s) 71 (CDCl₃)1.65(3H, d), 3.39(3H, s), 4.92-5.02(1H, m), 7.28(1H, d), 468 2 7.72(0.25H, t), 7.78(0.25H, t), 7.98(0.75H, t), 8.12(0.75H, t), 8.44(1H, d), 8.46(1H, d), 8.52(1H, s), 8.91(1H, d), 9.79(1H, s) 72 1.17(3H, t), 1.52(3H, d), 2.91(2H, t), 3.09-3.18(2H, m), 4.07 543 2 (2H, q), 5.72(1H, m), 7.59-7.72(1H, m), 7.80(1H, d), 7.90(1H, dd), 8.13-8.28(1H, m), 8.38(1H, d), 8.50(1H, d), 12.58(1H, s) 73 1.52(3H, d), 2.72(3H, s), 5.70-5.78(1H, m), 7.82(1H, d), 8.05 457 2 (1H, s), 8.32(1H, s), 8.38(1H, d), 8.50(1H, dd), 9.61(1H, s) 74 1.53(3H, d), 5.68-5.80(1H, m), 6.60(1H, d), 7.72(1H, d), 7.81 465 2 (1H, d), 7.93(1H, d), 8.18(1H, d), 8.40(1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd), 12.10(1H, s) 75 1.51(3H, d), 5.73(1H, m), 7.82(1H, d), 8.08(1H, d), 8.24(1H, 442 2 dd), 8.42(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd), 8.68(1H, s), 9.64(1H, m) 76 1.53(3H, d), 5.51(2H, brs), 5.72(1H, m), 7.62(1H, dd), 7.80 480 2 (1H, d), 7.89(1H, d), 8.01(1H, s), 8.39(1H, d), 8.50(1H, dd), 11.73(1H, brs) 77 1.53(3H, d), 5.67-5.76(1H, m), 7.82(1H, d), 8.41(1H, d), 8.52 466 2 (1H, dd), 8.69(1H, d), 8.85(1H, s), 9.14(1H, d)

TABLE 75 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 78 1.51(3H, d), 5.69(1H, m), 6.55(1H, d), 7.56(1H, d), 7.72-7.75 464 2 (2H, m), 7.80(1H, d), 8.20(1H, s), 8.38(1H, d), 8.49(1H, dd), 11.47(1H, s) 79 1.53(3H, d), 5.73(1H, m), 7.81(1H, d), 8.24(1H, dd), 8.28(1H, 460 2 d), 8.39(1H, d), 8.49(1H, dd), 8.98(1H, m), 9.57(1H, s) 80 1.53(3H, d), 5.70-5.79(1H, m), 7.84(1H, d), 7.91(1H, dd), 454 2 8.39(1H, d), 8.41(1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd), 8.55(1H, dd), 8.99(1H, d), 9.01(1H, s), 9.20(1H, dd) 81 1.64-1.79(4H, m), 1.84-1.96(2H, m), 2.04-2.14(2H, m), 4.92 477 2 (2H, s), 7.09(1H, d), 7.28(1H, brs), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.62(1H, brs), 7.65(1H, d), 7.94-7.99(2H, m), 8.40(1H, d), 8.45(1H, dd) 82 1.50(3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 2.30(3H, s), 5.43-5.49(1H, m), 7.08- 388 2 7.09(1H, m), 7.27-7.31(1H, m), 7.43-7.45(1H, m), 7.56-7.57 (1H, m), 7.65-7.67(1H, m), 7.91-7.93(1H, m), 8.06- 8.09(2H, m), 11.52(1H, s) 83 1.51(3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 5.55-5.61(1H, m), 7.08-7.09(1H, m), 453 2 7.28-7.31(1H, m), 7.57-7.68(3H, m), 7.92-7.94(1H, m), 8.22- 8.25(1H, m), 8.42-8.43(1H, m), 11.54(1H, s) 84 1.52(3H, d, J = 4.7 Hz), 5.68-5.75(1H, m), 7.21-7.28(2H, m), 442 2 7.52-7.54(1H, m), 7.79-7.81(1H, m), 8.08-8.49(4H, m), 11.93(1H, s) 85 1.40(3H, t, J = 6.8 Hz), 2.28(3H, s), 4.18(2H, q, J = 6.8 Hz), 4.09 399 2 (2H, s), 7.08-7.35(4H, m), 7.53-7.63(3H, m), 7.93-8.07(3H, m) 86 1.34(6H, m, J = 2.1 Hz), 2.25(3H, s), 4.75-4.81(1H, m), 4.91 391 2 (2H, s), 7.092-7.093(1H, m), 7.21-7.35(3H, m), 7.53-7.63 (3H, m), 7.93-8.05(3H, m) 87 1.52(3H, d), 5.60-5.72(1H, m), 7.19(1H, t), 7.71(1H, d), 8.03 425 2 (1H, dd), 8.24(1H, dd), 8.33-8.36(1H, m), 8.41(1H, dd), 8.50- 8.52(1H, m), 9.49(1H, s) 88 1.52(3H, d), 3.79(2H, s), 5.67-5.78(1H, m), 7.05(1H, d), 7.42 456 2 (1H, t), 7.72(1H, dm), 7.80(1H, d), 8.37- 8.40(1H, m), 8.50(1H, dd), 10.65(1H, s) 89 1.52(3H, d), 5.67-5.78(1H, m), 7.46(1H, d), 7.69(1H, d), 7.80 482 2 (1H, d), 7.84(1H, dd), 8.36(1H, d), 8.48(1H, dd)

TABLE 76 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 90 1.52(3H, d), 5.68-5.78(1H, m), 7.31-7.38(2H, m), 7.79(1H, 482 2 dd), 7.81(1H, d), 8.39(1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd), 12.00(1H, brs) 91 0.94(6H, d), 1.96-2.06(1H, m), 2.76(2H, d), 4.92(2H, s), 7.10 465 2 (1H, dd), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.63(1H, brs), 7.65(1H, dm), 7.81(1H, d), 7.97(1H, dd), 8.41- 8.46(2H, m) 92 1.53(3H, d), 5.64-5.79(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 7.30(1H, dd), 442 2 7.58(1H, d), 7.68(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.94(1H, d), 8.41(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd), 11.53(1H, bs) 93 1.53(3H, d), 5.57-5.63(1H, m), 7.04(1H, dd), 7.65(1H, d), 453 2 7.73(1H, dd), 7.83(1H, d), 8.26(1H, dd), 8.45-8.46(2H, m), 12.14(1H, s) 94 1.53(3H, d), 5.57-5.63(1H, m), 7.03(1H, dd), 7.70(1H, d), 409 2 7.74(1H, dd), 7.83(1H, d), 8.23(1H, d), 8.32(1H, d), 8.46(1H, d), 12.12(1H, s) 95 1.50(3H, d), 2.30(3H, s), 5.45-5.51(1H, m), 7.03(1H, dd), 389 2 7.46(1H, d), 7.73(1H, dd), 7.82(1H, d), 8.09-8.11(2H, dd), 8.45(1H, d), 12.12(1H, s) 96 1.56(3H, d), 5.71-5.78(1H, m), 7.06(1H, dd), 7.75(1H, dd), 398 2 7.80(1H, d), 7.83(1H, d), 8.47(1H, d), 8.56(1H, dd), 8.69(1H, d), 12.16(1H, s) 97 1.53(3H, d), 5.71-5.77(1H, m), 7.04(1H, dd), 7.75(1H, dd), Not 2 7.83(1H, d), 7.86(1H, d), 8.43(1H, d), 8.47(1H, d), 8.54(1H, found dd), 12.19(1H, s) 98 1.52(3H, d), 2.58(2H, dd), 2.97(2H, dd), 5.00(1H, d), 5.11(1H, 497 2 d), 5.67-5.78(1H, m), 5.83-5.98(1H, m), 7.61(1H, d), 7.70(1H, d), 7.80(1H, d), 7.90(1H, t), 8.19(1H, d), 8.38(1H, s), 8.50(1H, dd), 12.55(1H, d) 99 1.57(3H, d), 5.58(1H, m), 7.08(1H, m), 7.29(1H, t), 7.58(1H, 408 2 m), 7.65-7.72(2H, m), 7.93(1H, d), 8.20(1H, dd), 8.29(1H, d). 100 1.56(3H, d), 5.72(1H, m), 7.10(1H, m), 7.30(1H, t), 7.58(1H, 421 2 m), 7.67(1H, d), 7.78(1H, d), 7.93(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd), 8.64 (1H, d). 101 0.90(6H, d), 2.12(1H, m), 3.82(2H, d), 6.89(1H, dd), 7.07(1H, 335 2 m), 7.18(1H, d), 7.31(1H, dd), 7.59(1H, dd), 7.67- 7.70(1H, m), 7.91(1H, dd), 7.96(1H, d), 11.56(1H, s)

TABLE 77 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 102 0.90(6H, d), 2.09-2.15(1H, m), 3.82(2H, d), 4.91(2H, s), 6.90 414 2 (1H, dd), 7.08(1H, d), 7.19(1H, d), 7.29(1H, br), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.62(1H, br), 7.65(1H, d), 7.95(2H, dd) 103 4.82(1H, d), 5.08(2H, d), 5.22(1H, t), 7.64(1H, d), 7.99(1H, d), 405 4 8.21(1H, dd), 8.46-8.50(2H, m), 8.53(1H, dd), 9.33(1H, s) 104 1.35(6H, d), 4.98(1H, m), 7.60(1H, d), 7.99(1H, d), 8.20(1H, 389 4 dd), 8.34(1H, d), 8.43(1H, dd), 8.48(1H, d), 9.32(1H, s) 105 1.70(1H, m), 1.87(1H, m), 2.04-2.16(2H, m), 2.45-2.59(2H, 401 4 m), 5.03(1H, m), 7.40(1H, d), 7.94(1H, d), 8.16(1H, dd), 8.35 (1H, d), 8.42(1H, dd), 8.45(1H, d), 9.16(1H, s) 106 4.87-4.92(2H, m), 5.34(1H, dd), 5.46(1H, dd), 6.02-6.12(1H, m), 387 4 7.57(1H, d), 7.99(1H, d), 8.21(1H, dd), 8.36(1H, d), 8.44- 8.49(2H, m), 9.48(1H, s) 107 5.16(2H, q), 7.69(1H, d), 8.01(1H, d), 8.23(1H, dd), 8.40(1H, 429 4 d), 8.50(1H, d), 8.54(1H, dd), 9.49(1H, s) 108 5.45(2H, s), 7.36-7.51(5H, m), 7.66(1H, d), 8.00(1H, d), 8.22 437 4 (1H, dd), 8.37(1H, d), 8.47(1H, d), 8.49(1H, d), 9.42(1H, s) 109 7.32(1H, d), 7.96(1H, d), 8.17(1H, dd), 8.27-8.33(2H, m), 347 4 8.45(1H, d), 11.90(1H, s) 110 4.68(2H, dt), 6.64(1H, tt), 7.65(1H, d), 8.01(1H, d), 8.23(1H, 411 4 dd), 8.38(1H, d), 8.47-8.52(2H, m), 9.45(1H, s) 111 1.39(3H, d), 4.29(1H, q), 7.94(1H, d), 8.15(1H, dd), 8.43-8.47 418 4 (3H, m), 8.51-8.55(1H, m), 8.58-8.62(1H, m), 9.09(1H, brs), 9.71(1H, s) 112 7.32(1H, d), 7.61(1H, dd), 7.79(1H, ddd), 8.04(1H, d), 8.26 424 4 (1H, dd), 8.47(1H, dd), 8.52(2H, brs), 8.58(1H, dd), 8.61(1H, d), 9.54(1H, s) 113 0.96(3H, t), 1.32(3H, d), 1.67-1.76(2H, m), 4.75-4.85(1H, m), 403 4 7.59(1H, d), 7.99(1H, d), 8.21(1H, dd), 8.34(1H, d), 8.43(1H, dd), 8.49(1H, m), 9.38(1H, s) 114 1.81(3H, s), 4.80(2H, s), 5.04(1H, s), 5.13(1H, s), 7.56(1H, d), 401 4 7.97(1H, d), 8.19(1H, dd), 8.37(1H, d), 8.44-8.48(2H, m), 9.27(1H, s) 115 1.46(3H, t), 5.23-5.26(1H, m), 5.33-5.40(2H, m), 5.95(1H, dq), 401 4 7.56(1H, d), 7.98(1H, d), 8.19(1H, dd), 8.35(1H, d), 8.42(1H, dd), 8.47(1H, s), 9.29(1H, s)

TABLE 78 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 116 1.76(3H, s), 1.77(3H, s), 4.89(2H, d), 5.48-5.49(1H, m), 7.57 415 4 (1H, d), 8.01(1H, d), 8.22(1H, dd), 8.34(1H, d), 8.45(1H, dd), 8.45(1H, d), 9.44(1H, s) 117 3.02-4.13(8H, m), 7.73(1H, d), 8.00(1H, d), 8.22(1H, dd), 414 4 8.39(1H, d), 8.44(1H, dd), 8.49(1H, m), 9.38(1H, s) 118 1.00(3H, t), 1.35(3H, d), 1.59-1.78(2H, m), 3.72-3.85(1H, m), 419 4 7.96(1H, d), 8.02(1H, d), 8.23(1H, d), 8.36(1H, d), 8.38(1H, s), 8.51(1H, s), 9.48(1H, s) 119 1.53(3H, d), 5.70-5.80(1H, m), 7.83(1H, d), 8.03(1H, d), 8.25 443 4 (1H, dd), 8.40(1H, d), 8.49-8.54(2H, m), 9.50(1H, s). [α]^(D) ₂₅ = +10.2(c = 0.20 MeOH) 120 1.53(3H, d), 5.70-5.79(1H, m), 7.82(1H, d), 8.00(1H, d), 8.26 443 4 (1H, dd), 8.40(1H, d), 8.49-8.54(2H, m), 9.35(1H, s). [α]^(D) ₂₃ = −9.61(c = 0.21 MeOH) 121 7.18(1H, d), 7.23-7.27(2H, m), 7.35(1H, t), 7.51-7.58(2H, m), 423 4 7.98(1H, d), 8.18(1H, dd), 8.42-8.53(3H, m), 9.26(1H, s) 122 4.98(2H, t), 6.59(1H, tt), 7.71(1H, d), 8.00(1H, d), 8.21(1H, dd), 461 4 8.40(1H, d), 8.49(1H, d), 8.52(1H, d), 9.33(1H, s) 123 4.65-4.95(4H, m), 5.30-5.52(1H, m), 7.75(1H, d), 8.02(1H, d), 425 4 8.24(1H, dd), 8.38(1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd), 8.51(1H, s), 9.48(1H, s) 124 1.59(3H, d), 5.04(1H, d), 5.10(1H, d), 5.84(1H, q), 6.51(1H, dd), 413 5 7.23(1H, d), 8.00(1H, d), 8.21(1H, dd), 8.42-8.50(3H, m), 9.35(1H, s) 125 1.06-1.96(10H, m), 4.77-4.85(1H, m), 7.07-7.10(1H, m), 7.30(1H, 466, 5 t, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.56-7.62(2H, m), 7.67(1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 450, 7.93(1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 8.35(1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.42(1H, 428 dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 11.53(1H, brs) 126 4.91(2H, s), 7.09(1H, dd), 7.19(1H, d), 7.22-7.27(2H, m), 7.28(1H, 501 5 brs), 7.32-7.38(2H, m), 7.51-7.57(3H, m), 7.61(1H, brs), 7.64(1H, dm), 7.96(1H, dd), 8.45( 127 1.53(3H, d), 4.92(2H, s), 5.65-5.79(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 7.28 521 5 (1H, bs), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.62(1H, bs), 7.64(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.97(1H, d), 8.42(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd) 128 4.91(2H, s), 5.08(2H, q), 7.09(1H, d), 7.28(1H, bs), 7.35(1H, 473 5 dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.57(1H, d), 7.61(1H, bs), 7.64(1H, d), 7.95 (1H, d), 8.24(1H, dd), 8.31(1H, d)

TABLE 79 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 129 1.53(3H, d), 5.71-5.77(1H, m), 7.03(1H, dd), 7.74(1H, dd), Not 5 7.82-7.86(2H, m), 8.43(1H, d), 8.46(1H, d), 8.55(1H, dd), found 12.15(1H, s) 130 5.13-5.20(2H, dd), 7.04(1H, dd), 7.70(1H, d), 7.75(1H, dd), 429 5 7.85(1H, d), 8.43(1H, d), 8.46(1H, d), 8.57(1H, dd), 12.15(1H, s) 131 4.69(2H, ddd), 6.33-6.62(1H, m), 7.04(1H, dd), 7.66(1H, d), 409 5 7.75(1H, dd), 7.85(1H, d), 8.41(1H, d), 8.46(1H, dd), 8.53(1H, dd), 12.14(1H, s) 132 7.03(1H, dd), 7.20(1H, d), 7.24-7.27(2H, m), 7.34-7.38(1H, 421 5 m), 7.52-7.57(2H, m), 7.75(1H, dd), 7.84(1H, d), 8.45(1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd), 8.52(1H, d), 12.14(1H, s) 133 4.92(2H, s), 5.28(2H, dd), 7.11(1H, d), 7.29(1H, br), 7.35(1H, 440 5 dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.63-7.68(3H, m), 7.96(1H, d), 8.56(1H, dd), 8.66(1H, d) 134 1.64-2.16(6H, m), 4.91(2H, s), 5.26(1H, br), 5.90(1H, d), 6.04- 481 5 6.08(1H, m), 7.08(1H, d), 7.28(1H, br), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.62-7.68(3H, m), 7.96(1H, d), 8.36(1H, d), 8.44(1H, dd) 135 4.91(2H, s), 5.07(2H, q), 7.09(1H, dd), 7.28(1H, bs), 7.34(1H, 495 5 dd), 7.52(1H, d), 7.55(1H, d), 7.62-7.65(2H, m), 7.96(1H, dd), 8.27(1H, dd), 8.44(1H, d) 136 1.57(3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz), 6.01-6.10(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d, J = 411, 5 2.7 Hz), 7.30(1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.58 (1H, brs), 7.68(1H, 409 d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.93(1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 8.71(1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 9.00(1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 11.55(1H, brs) 137 4.92(2H, s), 5.24(2H, q), 7.10(1H, dm), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.35(1H, 474 6 dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.62(1H, brs), 7.65(1H, dm), 7.96(1H, dm), 8.75(1H, d), 9.02(1H, d) 138 4.82(2H, ddd), 4.92(2H, s), 6.50(1H, m), 7.10(1H, dd), 7.29 456 5 (1H, br), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.63-7.65(2H, m), 7.96 (1H, dd), 8.71(1H, d), 9.01(1H, d) 139 5.15(2H, q, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.09(1H, brs), 7.30(1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 450, 6 7.58(1H, brs), 7.66-7.69(2H, m), 7.94(1H, d, J = 6.7 Hz), 8.41 428, (1H, brs), 8.54(1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 11.54(1H, brs) 426

TABLE 80 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 140 4.67(2H, dt, J = 3.4, 14.5 Hz), 6.47(1H, tt, J = 3.3, 54.0 Hz), 7.09 432, 6 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 7.30(1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.58(1H, brs), 7.57- 410 7.69(2H, m), 7.94(1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 8.39(1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.50(1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.7 Hz), 11.54(1H, brs) 141 4.67-4.94(4H, m), 5.32-5.49(1H, m), 7.09(1H, brs), 7.30(1H, 446, 6 t, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.58(1H, brs), 7.68(1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.74(1H, d, 424 J = 8.9 Hz), 7.94(1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 8.39(1H, s), 8.47(1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 11.54(1H, brs) 142 4.47-4.93(4H, m), 5.36-5.49(1H, m), 7.03(1H, dd), 7.74- 423 6 7.77(2H, m), 7.85(1H, d), 8.40(1H, d), 8.46(1H, d), 8.50(1H, d d), 12.13(1H, s) 143 4.72-4.84(2H, m), 4.85-4.96(2H, m), 4.92(2H, s), 5.75-5.97 470 7 (1H, m), 7.10(1H, d), 7.29(1H, bs), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.61-7.67(2H, m), 7.96(1H, d), 8.69(1H, d), 8.98(1H, d) 144 1.94-2.00(4H, m), 3.45-3.54(4H, m), 7.17(1H, d), 7.94(1H, d), 400 7 8.15(2H, dd), 8.32(1H, d), 8.44(1H, brs), 9.18(1H, s) 145 1.53(3H, d), 2.15(3H, s), 3.07(2H, t), 3.43(2H, t), 5.74(1H, m), 517 7 7.82(1H, d), 7.96(1H, d), 8.19(1H, d), 8.39-8.44(2H, m), 8.52 (1H, dd) 146 2.32(3H, s), 4.91(2H, s), 4.96(2H, q), 7.09(1H, dd), 7.29(1H, 453 7 brs), 7.32-7.37(2H, m), 7.54(1H, d), 7.60-7.65(2H, m), 7.95 (1H, dd), 8.09-8.13(2H, m) 147 1.50(3H, d), 2.30(3H, s), 4.91(2H, s), 5.42-5.52(1H, m), 7.10 467 7 (1H, dd), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.45(1H, d), 7.54(1H, d), 7.60-7.65(2H, m), 7.95(1H, dd), 8.06-8.11(2H, m) 148 2.23-2.30(2H, m), 3.24(2H, t), 3.62-3.67(2H, m), 4.91(2H, s), 490 7 5.80-5.93(2H, m), 7.09(1H, dd), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.60-7.66(2H, m), 7.69(1H, d), 7.96(1H, dd), 8.38- 8.43(2H, m) 149 1.51(3H, d), 2.30(3H, s), 5.38-5.52(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 7.29 410 11 (1H, dd), 7.44(1H, d), 7.56(1H, d), 7.66(1H, d), 7.92(1H, d), 8.05-8.11(2H, m), 11.49(1H, bs) 150 1.40(6H, d), 4.91(2H, s), 5.43-5.50(1H, m), 7.10(1H, d), 7.28 434 8 (1H, bs), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.61(1H, bs), 7.64(1H, d), 7.95(1H, d), 8.60(1H, d), 8.98(1H, d)

TABLE 81 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 151 1.52(3H, d), 3.89(3H, s), 5.72(1H, m), 7.06(1H, d), 7.36(1H, 456 11 dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.74(1H, d), 7.80(1H, d), 7.97(1H, d), 8.40 (1H, d), 8.51(1H, dd) 152 1.51(3H, d), 2.77(3H, s), 3.27(2H, t), 3.39(2H, t), 5.67-5.75 458 11 (1H, m), 6.70(1H, d), 7.23(1H, t), 7.35(1H, d), 7.79(1H, d), 8.35 (1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd) 153 1.53(3H, d), 3.70(3H, s), 5.28(2H, s), 5.67-5.78(1H, m), 7.13 514 11 (1H, d), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.58(1H, d), 7.72(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.97(1H, d), 8.41(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd) 154 1.24(3H, t), 1.53(3H, d), 4.20(2H, q), 5.35(2H, s), 5.73(1H, m), 529 11 7.76-7.83(2H, m), 8.02(1H, dd), 8.37(1H, s), 8.38-8.42(2H, m), 8.51(1H, m) 155 1.54(3H, d), 5.31(2H, s), 570-5.81(1H, m), 7.61(1H, bs), 7.78 522 12 (1H, dd), 7.85(1H, d), 8.04(1H, bs), 8.12(1H, d), 8.30(1H, d), 8.53(1H, d), 8.65(1H, dd), 9.58(1H, s) 156 1.52(3H, d), 5.19(2H, s), 5.65-5.72(1H, m), 6.96(1H, bs), 522 11 7.36-7.43(2H, m), 7.70(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.93(1H, d), 8.30 (1H, s), 8.39(1H, d), 8.50(1H, dd) 157 4.92(2H, s), 5.21-5.19(2H, m), 7.09(1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.29 507, 12 (1H, brs), 7.35(1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.55(1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.63- 485 7.70(3H, m), 7.97(1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 8.42(1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.55(1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.8 Hz) 158 4.66-4.92(4H, m), 4.32(2H, s), 5.32-5.48(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d, J = 503, 12 3.1 Hz), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.35(1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.54-7.56(1H, 481 m), 7.62(1H, brs), 7.64(1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.74(1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.97(1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 8.39(1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.48(1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz) 159 1.26(6H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 3.87-3.99(1H, m), 4.91(2H, s), 5.56 466, 12 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.08(1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.13(1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz), 444 7.28(1H, brs), 7.33(1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.53(1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.59-7.64(2H, m), 7.93(1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 8.18-8.21(2H, m) 160 4.67(2H, dt, J = 3.3, 14.5 Hz), 4.92(2H, s), 6.47(1H, tt, J = 3.3, 489, 12 54.0 Hz), 7.09(1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.35(1H, d, J = 7.8 467 Hz), 7.55(1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.62-7.66(3H, m), 7.99(1H, d, J = 6.9 Hz), 8.39(1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 8.51(1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.8 Hz)

TABLE 82 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 161 1.50(3H, d, J = 6.2 Hz), 2.30(3H, s), 4.91(2H, s), 5.43- 445 12 5.49(1H, m), 7.09-8.09(10H, m) 162 1.32-1.96(10H, m), 4.77-4.85(1H, m), 4.91(2H, s), 7.08(1H, 507, 12 d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.28(1H, brs), 7.34(1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.55(1H, d, 483 J = 3.0 Hz), 7.58-7.65(3H, m), 7.96(1H, d, J = 6.7 Hz), 8.35(1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.42(1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.8 Hz) 163 1.56(3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 4.91(2H, s), 5.69-5.70(1H, m), 7.10- 456 12 7.11(1H, m), 7.29-7.36(2H, m), 7.55-7.65(3H, m), 7.77-7.79 (1H, m), 7.94-7.96(1H, m), 8.51-8.54(1H, m), 8.642-8.647 (1H, m) 164 1.53(3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 4.91(2H, s), 5.56-5.62(1H, m), 7.08- 465 12 7.10(1H, m), 7.29-7.36(2H, m), 7.54-7.69(4H, m), 7.94-7.96 (1H, m), 8.19-8.22(1H, m), 8.29-8.30(1H, m) 165 3.70(3H, s), 4.63-4.95(4H, m), 5.28(2H, s), 5.30- 518 12 5.49(1H, m), 7.12(1H, d), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.58(1H, d), 7.69- 7.78(2H, m), 7.97(1H, d), 8.40(1H, d), 8.48(1H, dd) 166 1.53(1H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 4.91(1H, s), 5.55-5.62(1H, m), 7.08- 509 12 7.10(1H, m), 7.29-7.36(2H, m), 7.54-7.65(4H, m), 7.94-7.96 (1H, m), 8.23-8.25(1H, m), 8.42-8.43(1H, m) 167 1.53(3H, d), 5.67(2H, s), 5.70-5.77(1H, m), 7.20(1H, d), 7.48 479 12 (1H, dd), 7.69(1H, d), 7.82(1H, d), 7.90(1H, d), 8.05(1H, d), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 168 1.50(3H, d), 2.30(3H, s), 3.69(3H, s), 5.27(2H, s), 5.42-5.53 482 12 (1H, m), 7.13(1H, d), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.45(1H, d), 7.57(1H, d), 7.70(1H, d), 7.95(1H, d), 8.06-8.11(2H, m) 169 1.53(3H, d), 2.63(3H, d), 4.93(2H, s), 5.70-5.76(1H, m), 7.10 535 12 (1H, dd), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.65(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.97(1H, dd), 8.09-8.20(1H, m), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 170 1.53(3H, d), 3.70(3H, s), 5.28(2H, s), 5.70-5.76(1H, m), 7.13 536 12 (1H, dd), 7.36(1H, dd), 7.59(1H, d), 7.72(1H, d), 7.82(1H, d), 7. 98(1H, dd), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 171 1.53(3H, d), 5.00(2H, s), 5.67-5.80(1H, m), 7.04(1H, d), 7.24 500 12 (1H, br), 7.68(1H, br), 7.77(1H, d), 7.83(1H, d), 7.88(1H, d), 8.4 3(1H, dd), 8.46(1H, d), 8.55(1H, m) 172 1.53(3H, d), 2.87(3H, s), 3.14(3H, s), 5.27(2H, s), 5.68-5.76 527 12 (1H, m), 7.09(1H, dd), 7.32(1H, dd), 7.48(1H, d), 7.65(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.95(1H, dd), 8.42(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd)

TABLE 83 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 173 1.57(3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz), 4.92(2H, s), 6.01-6.12(1H, m), 7.10 417, 13 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.35(1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.55 415, (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.63(1H, brs), 7.64(1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.96 395, (1H, d, J = 6.9 Hz), 8.73(1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.01(1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz) 393 174 1.57(3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz), 4.92(2H, s), 6.01-6.12(1H, m), 7.10 490, 12 (1H, d, J = 3.8 Hz), 7.29(1H, brs), 7.35(1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.55 488 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.63(1H, brs), 7.64(1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.96 (1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 8.73(1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 9.01(1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz) 175 1.18(3H, t), 1.52(3H, d), 2.61(2H, t), 3.30(2H, t), 3.40-3.50 Not 13 (4H, m), 4.08(2H, q), 5.65-5.77(1H, m), 6.72(1H, d), 7.22(1H, found dd), 7.34(1H, d), 7.79(1H, d), 8.35(1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd) 176 1.20(3H, t), 1.52(3H, d), 3.34(2H, t), 3.60(2H, t), 4.08-4.19 552 13 (4H, m), 5.67-5.80(1H, m), 6.66(1H, d), 7.19(1H, dd), 7.35 (1H, d), 7.80(1H, d), 8.36(1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd) 177 1.52(3H, d), 1.78-1.87(2H, m), 2.42(2H, t), 3.14(2H, t), 3.31 566 13 (2H, t), 3.45(2H, t), 3.59(3H, s), 5.56-5.75(1H, m), 6.68(1H, d), 7.21(1H, dd), 7.32(1H, d), 7.79(1H, d), 8.35(1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd) 178 1.52(3H, d), 2.83(3H, s), 3.02(3H, s), 3.34(2H, t), 3.58(2H, t), 551 13 4.11(2H, s), 5.65-5.76(1H, m), 6.60(1H, d), 7.15(1H, dd), 7.29 (1H, d), 7.79(1H, d), 8.36(1H, d), 8.48(1H, dd) 179 1.52(3H, d), 3.32(2H, t), 3.58(2H, t), 3.74(2H, s), 5.69-5.78 523 13 (1H, m), 6.62(1H, d), 7.14(1H, bs), 7.20(1H, dd), 7.34(1H, d), 7.48(1H, bs), 7.79(1H, d), 8.36(1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd) 180 1.53(3H, d), 5.00(2H, s), 5.67-5.80(1H, m), 7.04(1H, d), 7.24 500 15 (1H, br), 7.68(1H, br), 7.77(1H, d), 7.83(1H, d), 7.88(1H, d), 8.43(1H, dd), 8.46(1H, d), 8.55(1H, m) 181 1.53(3H, d), 4.92(2H, s), 5.65-5.80(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 7.29 497 13 (1H, bs), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.61(1H, bs), 7.64(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.97(1H, d), 8.42(1H, s), 8.52(1H, dd) 182 1.53(3H, d), 3.47(3H, s), 4.83(2H, d), 5.70-5.77(1H, m), 7.38 536 15 (1H, d), 7.58(1H, dd), 7.82(1H, d), 8.01(1H, d), 8.13(1H, d), 8.41(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd), 8.61(1H, d)

TABLE 84 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 183 1.52(3H, d), 3.34(2H, d), 3.60(2H, d), 3.65(3H, s), 4.14(2H, s), 516 16 5.69-5.80(1H, m), 6.66(1H, d), 7.19(1H, t), 7.35(1H, d), 7.80 (1H, d), 8.36(1H, d), 8.47(1H, dd) 184 1.53(3H, d), 2.72(3H, s), 5.70-5.79(1H, m), 7.37(1H, d), 7.55 442 15 (1H, t), 7.81(1H, d), 8.10(1H, d), 8.12(1H, dd), 8.41(1H, d), (M-Ac + 8.52(1H, dd), 8.61(1H, d) 2H)⁺ 185 1.52(3H, d), 3.06(3H, s), 3.50(2H, t), 4.07(2H, t), 5.67-5.80 544 19 (1H, m), 7.42- 7.55(2H, m), 7.81(1H, d), 7.83(1H, d), 8.38(1H, d), 8.49(1H, dd) 186 1.43(9H, s), 1.53(3H, d), 3.29-3.66(8H, m), 5.32(2H, s), 5.66- Not 19 5.78(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 7.32(1H, dd), 7.50(1H, d), 7.66(1H, found d), 7.82(1H, d), 7.96(1H, d), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 187 1.39(9H, s), 1.53(3H, d), 2.93-3.18(4H, m), 4.92(2H, s), 5.65- 664 19 5.78(1H, m), 6.85(1H, t), 7.10(1H, d), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.66(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.97(1H, d), 8.25(1H, t), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 188 1.53(3H, d), 3.44-3.48(2H, m), 3.58-3.63(4H, m), 3.68-3.72 569 19 (2H, m), 5.31(2H, s), 5.70-5.76(1H, m), 7.09(1H, dd), 7.33 (1H, dd), 7.50(1H, d), 7.66(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.96(1H, dd), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 189 1.53(3H, d), 3.63(3H, s), 3.92(2H, d), 5.03(2H, s), 5.70-5.74 593 19 (1H, m), 7.10-7.11(1H, m), 7.36(1H, dd), 7.57(1H, d), 7.65 (1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.98(1H, dd), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd), 8.65(1H, t) 190 1.53(3H, d), 3.38(2H, t), 3.50(2H, dt), 3.60(2H, t), 3.70(2H, dt), 609 19 4.69(1H, t), 5.16(1H, t), 5.35(2H, s), 5.69-5.76(1H, m), 7.08 (1H, d), 7.31(1H, dd), 7.48(1H, d), 7.59(1H, d), 7.82(1H, d), 7.95(1H, d), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 191 1.53(3H, d), 2.98-3.05(1H, m), 3.25-3.38(3H, m), 3.48-3.54 595 30 (1H, m), 4.55(1H, t), 4.83(1H, d), 4.97(2H, s), 5.70-5.77(1H, m), 7.09(1H, dd), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.67(1H, d), 7.82 (1H, d), 7.97(1H, dd), 8.17-8.22(1H, m), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 192 3.13-3.22(2H, m), 3.38-3.43(2H, m), 4.64-4.96(5H, m), 4.94 547 30 (2H, s), 5.31-5.50(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.66(1H, d), 7.74(1H, d), 7.96(1H, d), 8.25(1H, t), 8.38(1H, d), 8.48(1H, dd)

TABLE 85 Ex Data MS Ref-Ex 193 1.50(3H, d), 2.30(3H, s), 3.19(2H, dt), 3.44(2H, dt), 4.74(1H, t), 511 30 4.94(2H, s), 5.38-5.54(1H, m), 7.10(1H, d), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.44(1H, d), 7.55(1H, d), 7.65(1H, d), 7.95(1H, d), 8.05-8.12 (2H, m), 8.25(1H, t) 194 1.53(3H, d), 3.18(2H, dt), 3.42-3.46(2H, m), 4.72-4.76(1H, m), 541 30 4.95(2H, s), 5.70-5.76(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.56(1H, d), 7.66(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.97(1H, d), 8.26(1H, t), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd) 195 1.17(3H, t), 1.53(3H, d), 3.64-3.69(1H, m), 3.74-3.79(1H, m), 637 30 4.09(2H, q), 4.35-4.39(1H, m), 5.05-5.06(2H, m), 5.17(1H, t), 5.70- 5.76(1H, m), 7.09(1H, dd), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.57(1H, d), 7.67(1H, d), 7.81(1H, d), 7.97(1H, dd), 8.42(1H, d), 8.53(1H, dd), 8.69(1H, d) 196 1.36(6H, d), 3.18(2H, dt), 3.44(2H, dt), 4.72(1H, t), 4.94(2H, s), 511 30 4.94-5.01(1H, m), 7.09(1H, d), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.59(1H, d), 7.65(1H, d), 7.96(1H, d), 8.23(1H, t), 8.35(1H, d), 8.44(1H, dd) 197 3.18(2H, dt), 3.44(2H, dt), 4.68-4.73(2H, m), 4.76-4.85(2H, 513 30 m), 4.88-4.92(1H, m), 4.94(2H, s), 5.21-5.35(1H, m), 7.09 (1H, dd), 7.34(1H, dd), 7.55(1H, d), 7.61(1H, d), 7.65(1H, d), 7.95(1H, dd), 8.18(1H, dd), 8.23(1H, t), 8.27(1H, d) 198 1.53(3H, d), 2.82-2.96(2H, m), 3.31-3.40(2H, m), 5.00(2H, s), 5.66- 542 31 5.80(1H, m), 7.11(1H, d), 7.35(1H, dd), 7.59(1H, d), 7.73(1H, d), 7.82(1H, d), 7.97(1H, d), 8.01(2H, bs), 8.42(1H, d), 8.52(1H, dd), 8.54(1H, t) 199 1.53(3H, d), 5.55-5.67(1H, m), 7.69(1H, d), 8.01(1H, d), 8.18- 409 4 8.25(2H, m), 8.29(1H, d), 8.48-8.50(1H, m), 9.42(1H, s) [α]^(D) ₂₂ = +10.2(c = 0.1 CH₃OH) 200 1.53(3H, d), 5.55-5.65(1H, m), 7.69(1H, d), 8.00(1H, d), 8.17- 409 4 8.24(2H, m), 8.29(1H, d), 8.46-8.49(1H, m), 9.35(1H, s) [α]^(D) ₂₂ = −9.70(c = 0.1 CH₃OH) 201 7.70-7.82(2H, m), 7.95(1H, dd), 8.21-8.28(1H, m), 8.33(1H, s), 315 2 8.38-8.43(2H, m), 12.8(1H, s)

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The compound of the present invention is useful as a medicament, and in particular, for prevention and/or treatment of rejection in the transplantation of an organ, bone marrow, or tissue, an autoimmune disease, or the like, since it has S1P₁ agonist activity.

The patents, patent applications and publications cited herein are incorporated by reference. 

1. A compound represented by the formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the ring A is

X is a single bond, —CH₂—, —NR³, —O—, —S—, —S(═O)—, or —S(═O)₂—; R¹ is —H, halogen, aryl, heteroaryl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₈)heterocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted (C₁-C₆)alkyl or optionally substituted (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, each of which may contain halogen, —CONH₂, aryl, or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl as a subsistutent; R² is —CN, —O—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(═O)H or halogen, or optionally substituted (C₁-C₆)alkyl which may be substituted with halogen or —OH, wherein when —X— is a single bond, R¹ and R² may in combination form a 5-membered ring and may further contain (C₁-C₆) alkyl as an optional substituent; R³ is —H, wherein R³ may form morpholino, 1-pyrrolidinyl or 3,4-dehydropiperidin-1-yl, together with R¹ and nitrogen; R⁴ is

wherein any one of the bonds from the R⁴ ring is bound to the oxadiazole ring; R⁵ is —H, R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-O—, R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-C(═O)—, R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-S(═O)₂—, R⁰—O—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-, R⁰—C(═O)—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-, R⁰—S(═O)₂—(C₁-C₆)alkyl-, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl-, —C(═O)H, —OR^(X), —S(═O)₂R^(X), halogen, ═O, —NR^(X)R^(Y), or —C(═O)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R⁰—(C₁-C₆)alkyl means (C₁₋C₆)alkyl which may be substituted with at least one group each selected from R⁰, wherein R⁰ is —CN, —C(═O)NR^(X)R^(Y), —NHR^(X), —SR^(X), —S(═O)₂R^(X) or —OR^(X); and R^(X) and R^(Y) may be the same or different and are —H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl which may be optionally substituted with —OH, —NH₂ (which may be protected with a protecting group) or heteroaryl, wherein R^(X) may form (C₃₋C₈)heterocycloalkyl, together with R^(Y) and nitrogen.
 2. The compound according to claim 1, which is represented by the formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 3. The compound according to claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ is (C₁₋C₆)alkyl which may contain halogen as an optional substituent.
 4. The compound according to claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is —CN, halogen, or (C₁₋C₆)alkyl which may be optionally substituted with halogen or —OH.
 5. The compound according to claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R⁵ is H, or (C₁₋C₆)alkyl which may be optionally substituted with at least one —C(═O)NR^(X)R^(Y).
 6. The compound according to claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is a single bond, —CH₂— or —O—.
 7. The compound according to claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R⁴ is a following ring;

wherein any one of the bonds from the R⁴ ring is bound to the oxadiazole ring.
 8. A compound selected from the following, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2-[4-(5-{5-chloro-6-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]pyridine-3-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide; or 2-[4-(5-{5-chloro-6-[2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethoxy]pyridin-3-yl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide;
 9. A compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2-[4-(5-{5-chloro-6-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy]pyridine-3-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide; and 2-[4-(5-{5-chloro-6-[2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethoxy]pyridin-3-yl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide;
 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 11-13. (canceled)
 14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt according to claim 10, which is an S1P₁ agonist.
 15. A method for treating and/or preventing rejection in transplantation of organ/bone marrow/tissue in human or animal, graft-versus-host disease rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, nephrotic syndrome, encephalomeningitis, myasthenia gravis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, diabetes, asthma, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cancer, or leukemia, said method comprising administeration of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt according to any one of claims 1 to 8, to a subject suffering from aforementioned disease.
 16. A method for the manufacture of an agent for treating and/or preventing rejection in transplantation of organ/bone marrow/tissue in human or animal, graft-versus-host disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, nephrotic syndrome, encephalomeningitis, myasthenia gravis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, diabetes, asthma, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cancer, or leukemia comprising admixing a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 8 with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 17-18. (canceled) 